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Normal College, 1894. 

Arithmetic. 

I. The sum in units of lower denominations of .67 league, 
I mile, and -^-^ rod is 2 miles, 270 rods, 4 yards, and 7.8 
inches. 

2 187 

3. The cost of the house was $18,115.94. Builders sold it 
for 121,739.13. Agent sold it for $25,000.00. Finally sold 
for $23,000,00. 

4. The house pays an interest at the rate of 8^4-' 

5. The rate of gain is 5^. 

6. The percentage composition of gunpowder would be 73 J^ 
saltpetre, 15|-^^ charcoal, 11^^ sulphur. 

7. The ship's daily rate of sailing would be 47.99~|- miles. 

8. The orchard is 54 feet long and 18 feet wide. 

9. The change in his income amounted to $137.50. 

10. The number of square feet in one face of the cubical 
block is 5,476. 

English Grammar. 

I. [a) The first sentence is compound, declarative; the sec- 
ond is also compound, declarative; both have leading 
and subordinate clauses. 
{b) " Cousin, I am too young to he your father, ^^ is a lead- 
ing clause, but used independently; " You are old 
enough to be my heir^^ is the subordinate clause. 
" What you will have '' is a noun clause, and is the 
object of give; ''I'll give, and ivilling, too,'' is the 
leading clause, but used independently ; " do ive must '' 



2 COLLEGE AKSWEKS — 1894. 

is the principal clause, but is used independently; 
^^ ivliat force luill have us (to) do ^^ is a noun clause, 
and is the object of the verb must do ; ''us (to) do '^ is 
a noun clause, and is the infinite object of the verb 
will have, 

2. Cousin is a common noun, the second person, singular 
number, masculine gender, and nominative case by direct ad- 
dress; father is a common noun, the third person, singular 
number, masculine gender, nominative case, and agrees with 
J; enough is an adverb of degree, relating to old; ivhat 
is a pronominal adjective, but used here as a noun, in the 
third person, singular number, objective case, and is governed 
by the verb ivill have (it may also be parsed as a double rela- 
tive pronoun, equivalent to tit at which: that being an ante- 
cedent, pronominal adjective, but used as a noun; it is in 
the objective case, and is governed by the verb %vill give : 
ichich is a relative pronoun, and agrees with the antecedent 
that ; it is in the objective case, and is governed by the verb 
tvill have ; [to) do is an irregular, transitive verb, the infinite 
mood, present tense; ivillmg is an adverb relating to the verb 
will give, 

3. {a) Assailant is singular number, and consequently the 

pronoun they should be he in order to agree with its 
antecedent. Whom is objective; it should be nomina- 
tive so as to agree with he, after the neuter verb may 
(he). The correct sentence should read : " It is our duty 
to protect this government and that flag from every as- 
sailant, be he who he may." 

{!)) Who is the correct word to use, as the subject of were 
must be in the nominative case. The clause " who were 
there^^ is governed by concerning. The correct sen- 
tence is therefore : '' I can give no information concern- 
ing who were there." 

(c) Was is the correct word to use, because curiosity and 
anxiety are subjects of different propositions, and the 
verb must agree with one of them in the singular num- 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1894. 8 

ber. The sentence should therefore read : " His curi- 
osity as well as his anxiety was excited.'' 

4. (a) A loart of speech is one of the ten classes into which 

the words of the English language are divided. 

{b) Case in grammar is the modification which distin- 
guishes the relation of the noun and pronoun to other 
words. 

(c) Voice in grammar is the form or manner of inflecting 
the verb, as being active or passive. 

{d) Syntax is that part of grammar which treats of the 
relation, agreement, government, and arrangement of 
words in sentences. 

The same word may belong to different parts of speech 
owing to the fact that it may be used in different 
senses, a word always being classified according to 
its use. 

5. (a) After his defeat at Richmond, Lee surrendered to 

Grant. 
(h) After he was defeated at Richmond, Lee surrendered 
to Grant. 

(c) " When he arrived ^^ is an adjective clause, relating 
to hour. 

(d) " When he left the city " is a noun clause, the object 
of know, 

(e) " When he called " is an adverbial clause, relating to 
was. 

En^glish. 

1. Syllabic f relating to syllables; syllabus, a compendium; 
syllabicate, to divide into syllables; syllabification, a method 
of syllabifying; syllabify, to divide into syllables. 

2. Fare, passage money, food and drink. Pun, the witty 
use of words in two senses. Fain, content, glad, willingly. 
Caret, a sign placed below the line indicating where omitted 
words or letters should be inserted. Idiom, a peculiar speech 
or jargon. 



4 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1894. 

3. (Composition.) 

4. (a) Poetry is the name given to all works metrically 

composed. A verse is a line of poetry. A stanza is a 
collection of two or more verses of poetry, usually 
forming one of several similar divisions of the poem. 

(b) A rhyme is a correspondence of sound in two or more 
words, especially at the end of corresponding lines, as 
in poetry. Rhythm is a movement characterized by 
regular, measured, or harmonious recurrence of stress 
or impulse, accent or motion. 

5. The Moors brought into Spain the cultivation of the 
sugar-cane, of cotton and rice, and the mulberry, on which 
the silkworm. feeds. Commerce owed them the blades of To- 
ledo, the silks of Grenada, the leather of Cordova. The spices 
and sweets of Valencia were renowned throughout Europe at 
this period. The Moors had accustomed themselves to forget 
the past, and to seek no other successes than those of in- 
dustry. 

6. (a) Persons of similar dispositions, characteristics, hab- 

its, and inclinations usually associate together. 
(h) ^^ Necessity is the mother of invention.'' When a 
man is in need he often finds that he can fill his want 
with some simple thing never thought of before, or 
that he can apply some old thing to a new use. 

(c) Advent, the coming; omnipotent, almighty; precursor, 
harbinger; pjrospect, sight; ultimate, furthest. 

{d) Leaves^ sons-in-laiu, sheep, pailfuls, strata. 

Geography. 

I. (a) In the Northern Hemisphere a person facing the sun 
at noon has the south directly before him. 

{h) At every place within the Tropics of Cancer and 
Capricorn. 

(c) 12:44 P.M. 

\d) About the same as that of New York, 40^ 30' N. 



COLLEGE AKSWERS — 1894. 5 

2. New York — Albany; New Jersey — Trenton; Pennsyl- 
vania — Harrisburg ; Ohio — Columbus ; Indiana — Indianapo- 
lis; Illinois — Springfield; Iowa — Des Moines; Nebraska — 
Lincoln; Wyoming — Cheyenne; Utah — Salt Lake City; Ne- 
vada — Carson City; California — Sacramento. 

3. (a) On the north by the Dominion of Canada and Mon- 

tana, on the east by Wyoming and Montana, on the 
south by Utah and Nevada, on the west by Oregon and 
Washington. 

(b) Boise City. 

(c) A tract of land celebrated for its hot springs, geysers, 
and canons, reserved from the northwestern part of 
Wyoming as a national park. 

4. Omaha, eastern part of Nebraska on the Missouri Eiver ; 
Galveston, southeastern part of Texas on Gulf of Mexico; 
Clevelajid, northern part of Ohio on Lake Erie; Louisville, 
northern part of Kentucky on Ohio Eiver ; Little Rock, Cen- 
tral Arkansas on Arkansas Eiver ; Christiania, southeastern 
Norway ; Lhassa, central part of Thibet ; Berne, western part 
of Switzerland; Herat, western part of Afghanistan; Bom- 
bay, western part of British India on Arabian Sea. 

5. {a) The Gulf Stream warms the coast of Ireland, while 

along the coast of Newfoundland the cold currents re- 
turning from the Pole rise to the surface and cool the 
climate. 

{b) Ireland. 

(c) Eio Grande. 

{d) In the central part of Central America between Costa 
Eica on the south and Honduras on the north. It is 
washed on the east by the Caribbean Sea, and on the 
west by the Pacific Ocean. 

6. (a) In Western Pennsylvania by the confluence of the 

Monongahela and Alleghany Eivers ; it flows into the 
Mississippi near Cairo, 111. — Cincinnati, Ohio, U. S. A. 
(b) In Lake Ontario, and empties into the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence — Quebec, Canada. 



; COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1894 

(c) From the midst of the Black Forest^ in Southern Ger- 
manjj to the Black Sea — Vienna, Austria. 

(d) In the French Alps in Eastern France, emptying into 
the Mediterranean Sea — Lyons, France. 

(e) From Southern Brazil to the La Platte Eiver — Asun- 
cion, Paraguay. 

7. (a) Japan Islands. 

(b) Tasmania. 

(c) Ceylon. 

(d) Elba in the Mediterranean Sea; St. Helena in the 
Atlantic Ocean. 

8. (a) Pyrenees. 

(h) Austrian Alps. 

(c) Balkan. 

(d) Cumberland and Blue Eidge Mountains. 

(e) Mount Vesuvius, Mount Etna in Euroi^e ; Popocata- 
petl in Mexico ; Cotopaxi, Arequipa in South America. 

9. (a) Nile Eiver in Egypt; Euphrates Eiver in Asiatic 

Turkey. 
(h) At the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar in Spain 

and Morocco. 
(c) Turkey, Morocco, Arabia. 
{d) Eussia, Greece. 
10. (a) New York Central and Hudson Eiver Eailroad, 

the Lehigh Valley Eailroad. 
{h) The Northern Pacific Eailroad; the Union Pacific 

Eailroad; the Canadian Pacific Eailroad. 

History. 

I. 

1. Mariner's compass, invented 1302. 

2. Montezuma. 

3. Magellan, the first, 1519-22; Sir Francis Drake, second, 

1577. 

4. The first of the French and Indian Wars was King Wil- 



COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1894. ^ 

liam's; broke out 1689, ended by treaty 1697. The second, 
Queen Anne's War, five years later, 1702-1713. Third, King 
George's War, 1744, closed 1748. Fourth, French and In- 
dian War, 1754-1763. 

5. 1619, in Virginia. 

6. Surrender of Quebec, 1759. 

7. (a) The Home Government, they claimed, should be reim- 

bursed for the expenses incurred for the protection 
of the Colonies in the French and Indian Wars. 
{h) " Navigation Laws '' and " Acts of Trade, '' prohibit- 
ing transportation in any other than English vessels, re- 
stricting our commerce to English markets only. Man- 
ufacturing in the American Colonies was prohibited. 

II. 

1. September, 1774, at Philadelphia. 

2. Thomas Jefferson was the chief author. 

3. Washington occupied Boston, March 17th, 1776; cap- 

tured 1,000 Hessians, December, 1776, at Trenton. 

4. (a) Battle of Bemis' Heights — surrender of Saratoga. 
(h) October 14th, 1777. General Burgoyne, British com- 
mander. General Gates, American commander. 

(c) The surrender at Yorktown of Lord Cornwallis. 
{d) October 17th, 1781. Cornwallis, British commander. 
Washington, American commander. 

5. Marquis de Lafayette, French nobleman; Baron Steuben, 
German engineer; Count Pulaski, Polish nobleman. 

6. City of New York, April, 1789. 

7. Summer of 1800. 

8. France, $15,000,000. 

III. 

1. Madison's. 

2. Black Hawk War — War with Seminole Indians in 
Florida, 



8 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1894. 

3. (a) Texas was slave-holding; the anti-slavery men of 

the North did not wish to have the number of slave 
States increased. Mexico claimed Texas ; annexation 
to United States meant war with Mexico. 
(b) July 4th, 1845. 

4. Taylor's and Fillmore's. 

5. 1848. 

IV. 

1. South Carolina, December 20th, 1860. 

2. Cumberland, Congress. 

3. The Monitor. 

4. General Grant, capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, 
surrender of Vicksburg, defeat of Confederates at Missionary 
Ridge, capture of Petersburg and Richmond, surrender at Ap- 
pomattox Court-House. 

Lee defeated the object of the Union in the Peninsular cam- 
paign, and at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. 
Union victory, Sheridan, Cedar Creek. 

5. {a) Johnson was impeached by the House of Represent- 
atives for removing Secretary of War Stanton from office in 
violation of the Tenure of Office Bill. (^) Acquittal. 

6. March, 1867, treaty made with Russia; purchased for 
$7,200,000. 



1. Government debt, $2,400,000,000; total debt (including 
debts of States), $4,000,000,000. 

2. (a) 1873. {b) Bland Bill, 1878. {c) 1893. 

3. By law, passed in Congress, prohibiting the admission of 
Chinese into this country except in certain cases. 

4. Washington Irving. 

5. (a) Legislative, Executive, Judicial. (b) The Vice- 
President, (c) The Speaker. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1894. 9 

College of the City of New York, 1894. 

Arithmetic. 

(a) The relative magnitude of two quantities. 

(b) 8 is the minuend, 3 the subtrahend, 5 the re- 
mainder. 

(c) A decimal fraction is one whose denominator is 10 
or some power of 10. 

(d) The smallest number into which one can divide all 
the given ones without a remainder. 

(a) 1. 

(b) 27. 

(c) 2f . 

(a) i^. If the numerators and denominators contain 
common factors, cancel them; then multiply all the 
new numerators together, and divide by the product of 
new denominators, reducing to lowest terms. If there 
are no factors common to both numerator and denomi- 
nator, then proceed as above, omitting the cancellation. 

(b) In the given example we have no factor common to 
both the numerator and denominator. Therefore, since 
I equals ^ of 2, the product of | x f = J of 2 times f , 
which equals | x f = ^ = if. 

(a) 3.010; 300.003; 10.0025. 

(b) I = 8)7.000 , 

(c) .0015 X 3.2 = .0048. 

(d) 400. 

W t\ X 2 oV^ - 3^1-0 = .00009375 tons. 

(b) For each place that the decimal point is moved to the 
right the number is multiplied by 10 ; for each place 
that it is moved to the left it is divided by 10. 

(c) Moving the decimal point one place to the right de- 
creases the number of places in the denominator by 
one, which is equivalent to multiplying the decimal by 
10, and vice versa. 



10 COLLEGE AisSWERS— 1894. 



2 

9 

"2 0' 



6. (a) 

(^) 

(c) 4.ofc. 

7. 8 additional men ; each man would do J^- of it in a day. 

8. 18 days. 

9. With 3 days of grace, ^20,000. 
10. §86.00 gain. 

Geography. 

1. (a) 2ofh land, 75fb water. 

(h) As far as we know, the Polar regions and deserts. 

(c) Because of the absence of water, on which both ani- 
mal and vegetable life depend. 

(d) The Polar regions. 

2. (a) Kansas and Missouri Elvers. 

(b) Mississippi and Missouri Elvers. 

(c) Ohio and Mississippi Elvers. 

{d) Alleghany and Monongahela Elvers. 

(e) Mohawk and Hudson Elvers. 

(/) St. Lawrence and Ottawa Elvers. 
(g) La Plata and Uruguay Elvers. 
(h) Ehone and Saone Elvers. 
(i) Ehine and Main Elvers, 
(y ) Danube and Save Elvers. 
(k) Tigris and Euphrates Elvers. 

3. (a) Norway, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, 

France, England and Scotland. 

(b) Sweden, Eussia, Germany, Denmark. 

(c) Italy, Austria-Hungary, Montenegro, Turkey. 

(d ) European Turkey, Bulgaria, Eoumania, Eussia, Cau- 
casia, and Asiatic Turkey. 
(e) Japan, Corea, China, Siberia. 

4. (a) Cuba, Porto Eico, Hayti, Jamaica. 
(h) Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Celebes. 

(c) Havana, situated on Cubaj official language, Eng- 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1894. 11 

lish. Batavia, situated on Java; official language, 
Dutch. 

5. (a) Eocky Mountains, in western part of JN'orth America. 

Appalachian Mountains, in eastern part of North 
America. Andes Mountains, in western part of South 
America. Alps, in southern part of Europe. Hima- 
laya Mountains, in south central part of Asia. 

(b) Everest, Mount Nepal, the highest peak in the East- 
ern Hemisphere, 29,002 feet. lUampu, South Amer- 
ica, the highest peak in Western Hemisphere, 25,000 
feet. 

(c) Mount Vesuvius, Italy, near Naples. Popocatapetl, 
in Mexico. Mount Etna, Sicily. 

6. (a) St. Mary's Eiver, which joins Lakes Superior and 

Huron, and forms a part of the boundary of Michigan ; 
St. Clair Eiver, between Lakes Huron and Erie, also 
on the boundary of Michigan; Niagara Eiver, joining 
Lake Erie to Lake Ontario along the western boundary 
of New York; and, finally, the St. Lawrence Eiver, 
which is the outlet of Lake Ontario, and forms a part of 
the northern boundary of New York. 

(b) Between England and France, connecting the Eng- 
lish Channel with the North Sea. 

(c) Between Spain and Morocco, connecting the Atlantic 
Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea. 

(d) Between Africa and the Asiatic Turkish province of 
Yemen, connecting the Eed Sea with the Gulf of Aden. 

(e) Between Chili and Tierra del Fuego, connecting the 
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 

7. Cape Clear, southwestern coast of Ireland; Cod, south- 
eastern coast of Massachusetts; Comorin, southern coast 
India; East, northeastern coast Siberia; Farewell, southern 
coast of Greenland; Finisterre, northwestern coast Spain; 
Good Hope, southern coast Cape Colony; Hatteras, eastern 
coast North Carolina; LaiuVs End^ southwestern coast Eng- 
land j LopatUa^ southeastern coast Kamchatka j May, south- 



12 COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1894. 

eastern coast New Jersey; Race^ southeastern coast New- 
foundland; St, Boqiiey eastern coast Brazil; San Liicasj 
southern coast Lower California ; Verde, western coast Africa. 
8. {a) It is the point toward which the magnetic needle of 
the mariner's compass points. 
ih) It is north of Hudson Bay in the Dominion of Can- 
ada, near N". Lat. 70°, W. Long. 97°. 
(c) A meridian is half a meridian circle, and passes from 

Pole to Pole. 
{d) It will be noon at Vera Cruz also. Difference in lati- 
tude does not affect the time of two places. 
(6) Yes. 
(/) No. 

English. 

L (1) This is a compound, declarative sentence, and con- 
tains two co-ordinate clauses. " To err is human " is the 
first clause ; '^ to forgive, divine, '^ the second clause. The 
subject of first clause is to err; predicate, is; attri- 
bute, human. To forgive is the subject of the second 
clause ; predicate, is (understood) ; attribute, divine, 
(2) Compound, declarative sentence, having two co-ordi- 
nate clauses, one of these being complex. Pirst clause, 
'^from a child I was fond of reading " is simple ; / is the 
subject ; %vas, the predicate ; fond, the attribute. ^^ From 
a child " (equivalent to ''''from childhood ") modifies was; 
of reading modifies fond. The second clause, "aZZ 
the little "money that came into my hands was ever 
laid out in hooks,^^ is complex — " all the little money tvas 
ever laid out in hooks^^ being the principal clause; " that 
came into my hands ^^ is a dependent clause, modifying 
money. The subject of principal clause is money, 
modified by " all the little ^^ ; predicate, " tvas laid out,'' 
modified by ever and in books. The subject of the 
dependent clause is that; predicate, ca^ne, modified by 
''into my hands.'' 



COLLEGE Ai^SWEKS — 1894. 13 

(3) This is a compound, declarative sentence. Leading 
member, from ill to decay; subordinate member, from a 
hold i^easantry to suj)plied. The leading clause is com- 
plex, composed of the principal clause, '' ill fares the 
land, to hastening ills a i^rey,''^ and the dependent 
clauses, ^' where wealth accumulates '^ and " (where) men 
decay. " The dependent clauses are adjective, relating to 
land. The subject of the principal clause is land, 
modified by the appositive phrase '' to hastening ills a 
prey '^ ; fares is the predicate, modified by ill. The 
subject of first dependent clause is ivealth; accumu- 
lates is the predicate, modified by ivhere {in which). 
Subject of second dependent clause is me7i; decay is 
the predicate. 

The subordinate member is complex, composed of 
the principal clause, '^ ahold peasantry can never he sup- 
pliedj^^ and the dependent clause, ''when (they are) once 
destroyed, '' modifying " can he supplied, ^^ The subject of 
the principal clause is peasantry, modified by " a hold '' ; 
• " can he supplied '' is the predicate, modified by never. 
Pride is in apposition with peasantry, modified by " their 
country' s,^^ Subject of dependent clause is they (under- 
stood) ; (are) destroyed is the predicate, modified by 
once and when, 
11. (1) and (2). (Letter,) 

History. 

I., (a) Amerigo Vespucius was a Florentine merchant who 
sailed with Columbus on one of his voyages across the 
Atlantic. On his return, a German published a spirited 
account of this mariner's adventures, and suggested 
that the country should be called America. 
(h) Verrazani, also a Florentine, was the first navigator 
whom the King of France sent out. His object was 
to find a new route to the Indies. He landed near 



14 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1894. 

what is now the harbor of Wilmington, sailed along 
the coasts of Carolina and New Jersey, and finally 
entered the harbors of Newport and New York. He 
gave the country the name of JSlew France (1523). 

(c) Cliamplain sailed across the Atlantic at the early 
part of the seventeenth century. He sailed up the St. 
Lawrence on a tour of exploration, and established a 
trading-post at Quebec in 1608. Some time after this 
he discovered the lake named after him. It was due 
to Champlain that the French authority was so firmly 
established on the banks of the river St. Lawrence. 

{d) Henry Hudson was an English navigator, but em- 
ployed by the Dutch. In 1609 he entered New York 
harbor, and ascended the river now named after him. 
It was due to the discovery of this river that the 
Dutch claimed the region extending from Delaware 
Eiver to Cape Cod. 

2. (a) Raleigh attempted to establish a settlement on Eoa- 

noke Island, but failed (1584-1589). 

(b) Roger Williams^ 2i Salem minister, established Provi- 
dence Plantation in 1636. 

(c) The Duke of York received a grant of all the land 
occupied by the Dutch, from the King of England, 
Charles II. An expedition was therefore sent out by 
the Duke of York (1664) in order to seize and take 
possession of his grant. This expedition proved suc- 
cessful, and New Amsterdam was taken away from the 
Dutch and called New York in honor of the Duke. 

(d) General Oglethorpe (in 1733) founded Georgia at 
Savannah. The object of this colony was to enable 
the unfortunate debtors who were burdened with very 
severe laws to find a place of refuge. 

3. (a) The Stamp Act was one of the laws passed by Par- 

liament to help pay the expenses caused by the French 
and Indian Wars. It ordered that stamps (procured 
from the British Government) should be affixed on all 



COLLEGE Ai^SWERS — 1894. 15 

legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, etc. This 
law the American colonists opposed violently, and 
Parliament repealed the act (1766). 
(J)) The Boston Port Bill was passed by the British Gov- 
ernment as a means of revenge for the " Boston Tea 
Party. ^^ It closed the port of Boston to importation 
and shipping, and made Salem the port of entry. 

4. (a) Battle of Bunker HilL The colonists heard that the 

English had made plans to fortify Bunker Hill, and 
decided to prevent them. Breed^s Hill, which was 
considered a better site, was therefore fortified by 
Colonel Prescott. Generals Gage and Howe, who com- 
manded the English forces, attacked the colonists, and 
repulsed them after a fierce battle, June 17th, 1775. 
(h) Battle of Camden, General Gates, the commander 
of the American troops at the South, marched to meet 
Cornwallis, the English commander, near Camden, S. 
C, 1780. A battle followed, in which Gates and his 
troops were entirely defeated. 

5. At the close of the Eevolution the United States were 
bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the north 
by the Great Lakes, on the west by the Mississippi Eiver, on 
the south by Florida. In 1803 the boundary lines were ex- 
tended to the Gulf of Mexico and the Eocky Mountains by 
the purchase of Louisiana territory from Erance. 

6. The causes of the Mexican War were as follows : Texas 
was originally a part of Mexico, but had gained independence, 
and wanted to be admitted into the Union. In 1845 it was 
admitted as a slave State. The Mexicans considered this an 
act of hostility. This was one of the causes of the war. By 
the annexation of this State the United States acquired the 
vast territory reaching west to the Pacific Ocean and south to 
the Gila Eiver. This boundary question between Texas and 
Mexico was another serious cause. 

7. {a) Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, 

Grant, Cleveland — served two terms. 



16 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1894. 

(h) W. H. Harrison, Taylor, Lincoln, Garfield — died in 
office. 

8. General Grant opened the Mississippi River by capturing 
Vicksburg and the forts along the river. He was then put in 
command of the entire Union army, and brought the war to a 
close by besieging and capturing Richmond and Petersburg. 

9. (a) John Ericsson, a Swedish engineer, invented and built 

the Monitor, which defeated the Merrimac during the 
Civil War. 

(b) Samuel Adams was one of those patriots who aroused 
the people by their patriotic and stirring speeches at 
the time of the Revolution. 

{c) Perry gained a great victory over the English on 
Lake Erie in 1813. 

(d) Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury, 
and assisted in placing on a firm basis the finances of 
this country. 

{e) Nathan Hale, on his way to Long Island, where he 
had been sent by Washington to visit the British 
camps, was captured by the English, tried, and hanged 
as a spy. 
10. {a) The Government of New York State is patterned after 
that of the United States. It is divided into three 
departments : the Legislative (Senate and Assembly), 
which makes the laws ; the Executive (Governor), which 
carries the laws into effect ; the Judicial (Court of Ap- 
peals), which interprets the laws. These are elected 
directly by the people. 

(b) George Clinton was the first governor of New York 
State. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895. 17 

Normal College, 1895. 

Arithmetic. 

1. 6f. 

2. -^Q of a day. 

3. 30.3951+. 

4. 6,200^. 

6. $674.94. 

7. A's capital, f7,000j B's capital, $78,400j C's capital, 
$4,480. 

8. 9 years, 9 months, 9 days. 

9. 9.89 inches. 
10. $4.68. 

English. 

1. (a) Analysis — the resolution of a compound into its 

parts or elements. Synthesis — the putting of different 
things together. Concrete — joined by growth or coales- 
cence in a mass. Abstract — viewed apart from the 
concrete. Involution — the returning of an organ to its 
normal size after distention. 

(h) Analyses; syntheses, 

(c) The analysis of water may be accomplished by the 
electric current, and its synthesis may also be effected 
by the same means. 

{d) After the eruption the molten matter hardened and 
became a concrete mass. The contract required that 
the cellars be laid in concrete. 

(e) Exculpate, superscription, epilogue. 

2. {a) Famous, f amosity, f amoused, famousness, fameless ; 

primitively, primitial, primevous; idolisoi, idolize. 
(b) Synonyms are words having the same or almost the 
same meaning. Jbrric?— sultry. Anonymous: I re- 



18 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895. 

ceived an anonymous letter in this morning's mail, but 
paid no attention to it. 

3. {a) [Envelope,) 
(b) (Letter.) 

4. {Composition.) 

5. THE AZIOLA. 

"Do you hear the Aziola cry? 
Methinks she must be nigh," 
Said Mary, as we sate 
In dusk, ere the stars were lit or candles brought. 
And I, who thought 
This Aziola was some tedious woman. 

Asked, " Who is Aziola? '^ How elate 
I felt to know that it was nothing human, 
No mockery of myself to fear or hate! 
And Mary saw my soul, 
And laughed and said, " Disquiet yourself not, 
^Tis nothing but a little, downy owl." 

Geography. 

I. The Torrid Zone extends from the Tropic of Cancer to 
the Tropic of Capricorn; it is 47 degrees wide, or 23^ de- 
grees on each side of the Equator. The North Temperate 
Zone extends from the Arctic Circle to the Tropic of Cancer ; it 
is 43 degrees wide. The South Temperate Zone extends 
from the Antarctic Circle to the Tropic of Capricorn ; it is 
43 degrees wide. 

(a) Tropic of Cancer. 
• (h) In order to locate places on the maps. 

\c) Latitude, 40° 30' north; longitude, 74° 3' west. 
(d) Because the sun apparently travels from east to west 
15 degrees every hour, and as Omaha is west of New 
York, the sun has not yet reached the Zenith there 
when the telegram is received. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895. 19 

2. St. Mary's Eiver, Strait of Mackinaw, St. Clair Eiver, 
Detroit Eiver, Niagara Eiver, St. Lawrence Eiver. 

{a) Population of the United States, 70,000,000; New 
York City, 3,500,000; London, 4,500,000. 

{h) Long Island and Manhattan Island; Brooklyn and 
New York. 

3. {Map.) 

(a) Bounded on the north by Massachusetts ; on the east 
by Ehode Island ; on the south by the Atlantic Ocean 
and Long Island Sound ; on the west by New York. 

4. Denver, in northeastern part of Colorado ; Rock Island, 
in northwestern part of Illinois, on the Mississippi Eiver; 
Davenport, in southeastern part of Iowa, on the Mississippi 
Eiver ; Vickshitrg, in southwestern part of Mississippi, on the 
Mississippi Eiver; Helena, in western part of Montana ; Louis- 
ville, in northwestern part of Kentucky, on the Ohio Eiver; 
Olympia, in the southwestern part of Washington, on Puget 
Sound; Santa Fe, in the north central part of New Mexico, 
near the Eio Grande Eiver; Bangor, in the central part of 
Maine, on the Penobscot Eiver ; Chattanooga, in southeastern 
part of Tennessee, on the Tennessee Eiver. 

5. Orinoco, Amazon, Paraguay, Magdalena, La Plata. 

(a) Austria is bounded on the north by the German Em- 
pire and Eussia; on the east by Eussia, Eoumania, 
and the Carpathian Mountains ; on the south b}^ Eou- 
mania, Danube Eiver, Montenegro, Servia, and Adri- 
atic Sea; on the west by the Adriatic Sea, Italy, Swit- 
zerland, and German Empire. Vienna is the capital. 
Danube is the principal river. 

{h) Tokio, Yokohama. 

{c) Tropic of Cancer. 

{d) Morocco — capitals, Eez and Morocco ; Algeria — capi- 
tal, Algiers; Tunis — capital, Tunis; Tripoli — capital, 
Tripoli. 

{e) Hawaii, Oahu. 

(/) Oahu. 



20 COLLEGE AKSWERS — 1895. 



Grammar. 

1. Supreme, complete, immortal, total, indefinite. Bad, 
ill. Eadii, banditti, strata. 

2. (a) Compound, declarative sentence. 

Q)) This teas the noblest Roman of them all; all the con- 
spirators save only he did iii envy of great Ccesar that 
(ivhich) they did; he only, in a general honest thought 
and common good to all, made one of them. 

(c) He should be in the objective case {him), because it 
is governed by save ; that should be followed by which 
or changed to ivhat. 

3. Save is a preposition, and in this sentence it shows the 
relation between consjnrators and he (him). That is a pro- 
nominal adjective, and is used in this sentence as a noun, 
the third person, singular number, neuter gender, the objec- 
tive case ; it is governed by did ; o?ily, in the second line, is 
an adverb relating to save ; only, in the fourth line, is an ad- 
jective relating to he; good is a common noun, the third 
person, singular number, neuter gender, the objective case, 
and is governed by in. 

4. (a) The crying sin of all government is, that they med- 

dle injuriously with human affairs. 

(b) He handles it as if it were glass. He handles it like 
glass. 

{c) He turned -his eyes toward the sun setting in the 
west. He turned his eyes toward the sun which was 
setting in the west. 

5. (a) Are does not agree with the two subjects. A better 

construction of this sentence would be: "Either you 
are in the way, or I am.^^ 
(p) Ever, in this sentence, should be never, in order to 
correspond with seldom. The correct sentence should 
therefore read: "That is seldom or never the case." 

(c) Have should be has in order to agree with each, 



COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1895. 21 

which is singular; hence, the correct sentence should 
read: " What sounds has each of the vowels? '^ 

(d) Other should be inserted immediately after any, be- 
cause as it is it means that Bismarck is greater than 
himself, which is impossible. The correct sentence 
should read as follows : " Bismarck is greater than any 
other statesman." 

History. 

(a) Mongolian. 

(h) Semi-civilized. 
\g) De Soto, 1541. 
{a) Slavery was introduced by the Dutch in 1619. 

(b) The Filgrims who settled in Massachusetts were hard- 
working, God-fearing people, who came to America to 
obtain freedom to worship God according to the dic- 
tates of their own consciences. The Virginia settlers 
were mostly ruined noblemen and gentlemen who came 
to Virginia for gain and adventure. 

(c) King William's War, Queen Anne's War, and King 
George's War. 

{a) They were named Tories. 

{h) Washington, although but twenty-one years of age 
at the time of the French and Indian War, was in 
charge of a body of Virginia troops, with the' title of 
Major. Most of the other commanders had served in 
the French and Indian War, and in the other Indian 
Wars preceding it. 

{c) On the 6th day of February, 1778, France entered 
into an alliance with the United States, and acknowl- 
edged them as an independent nation. 

{d) Battles of Saratoga, 1777; Yorktown, 1781. 

(e) Guilford Court-House and Eutaw Springs. 

(a) The New England people were opposed to the War of 
1812, and a convention was therefore called at Hartford 
for the object of considering the plan of revising the 



22 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895. 

Constitution of the United States. Delegates attended 
from all the New England States. These people met 
in secret, and Avere considered traitors by the Govern- 
ment. 

(b) President Monroe sent a message to Congress, that 
has since become famous as the Monroe Doctrine. In 

' this message he stated that the American Continent, 
being free and independent, any attempt by a Euro- 
pean power to colonize or interfere with States already 
existing would be considered by the United States as 
an unfriendly act. ^' America for the Americans " was 
his motto, a right which they would maintain. 
(c) General Winfield Scott and General Zachary Taylor, 
General Santa Anna and General Crista. 
5. (a) Generals McDowell, McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, 
Meade, and Grant. 

(b) Simon Cameron was Secretary of War from March 
4th, 1861, until January 15th, 1862, when he was suc- 
ceeded by Edwin M. Stanton. 

(c) Slavery and Secession. 

(d) Van Buren, William H. Harrison, Tyler, Polk, Tay- 
lor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln, Johnson, 
Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Benjamin 
Harrison, Cleveland, McKinley. 



College of the City of New York, 1895. 
Arithmetic. 

I. (a) A decimal fraction is one whose denominator is 10 
or some power of 10; as, j\, .03. 

(b) A denominate number is a concrete number in which 
the unit is some measure; as, 3 pounds, 2 tons, 5 
litres. 

(c) Multiply the numerators together and divide by the 
product of the denominators. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1895. 23 

{d) Eatio is the relation of the magnitude of two quan- 
tities. 



2. 


(«) t- 




ip) m- 




(A 1 6 




v<^; T^s- 


3- 


(a) 15 rods, 4 yards, 2-g\ inches, 




(^) 10 00 00 8 0- 



(c) .3. 

4. (a) The value remains unchanged. 

(h) By multiplying both numerator and denominator of 
a fraction by the same number one really multiplies 
by a common fraction equal to unity ; and therefore as 
multiplying by unity does not alter the value of any- 
thing, the value of the fraction remains unchanged — 
example : f x f = ff == f . 

5. (a) 1.097. 
\h) 104.104. 
{c) 1010. 

(d) It is multiplied by 10. 

{e) Since each decimal place represents one cipher in the 
denominator of a corresponding common fraction, re- 
moving the decimal point one place to the right is 
equivalent to removing one cipher from the denomi- 
nator, and thus to multiplying by 10. 

6. $1,800. 20 fc gain. 

7. I of an hour. 

8. The first, $1,020; the second, $1,019.59. 

9. 2 men. 

10. A's rate, 42 miles per day; B's rate, 30 miles per day. 

Geography. 

I. (a) The earth is an oblate spheroid. 

{h) Starting at one place and continuing in one direction, 
the starting-place will be regained. The earth has been 
circumnavigated. A ship, when coming into port, shows 
first its highest points, its masts 5 when leaving port it 



24 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895. 

disappears gradually, the masts last of all. During 
a lunar eclipse the shadow of the earth on the moon is 
circular. The horizon is bounded by a circle. These 
facts prove that the earth is round. 
2, (a) Circles are imaginary lines passing from north to 
south, east to west, marking off distances. Great 
circles (the meridian circle and the Equator) divide 
the globe into equal parts — hemispheres. Small circles 
(parallels) divide the earth into unequal parts. 

(h) The earth is divided into five belts, or zonesj by the 
Arctic Circle, the Antarctic Circle, the Tropic of Can- 
cer, the Tropic of Capricorn. They are the North and 
South Frigid, the North and South Temperate, the 
Torrid Zones. 

(c) A continent is the largest natural division of land; 
there are six, viz. : Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, 
North and South America. An island is a body of 
land completely surrounded by water. A peninsula 
is a portion of land nearly surrounded by water. A 
cape is a point of land extending into the water. An 
isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two large 
bodies of land. Mountains are the highest parts of 
the earth's surface. Plateau is a high plain, or broad 
mountain-top. A plain is a large tract of nearly level 
land. The land between hills or mountains is called 
a valley, 

{d) The water on the earth is divided into oceans, seas, 
straits, sounds, bays, gulfs, harbors, rivers, and lakes. 
The largest oceans are the Atlantic, the Pacific, the 
Indian, the Arctic, and the Antarctic. A sea is a body 
of water nearly surrounded by land. A gulf or hay is 
a body of water extending into the land. A strait or 
channel is a narrow passage of water connecting two 
larger portions of water. A sound is a strait or pas- 
sage of water of not much depth. A harhor is an Id let 
of the sea, forming a safe anchorage for ships. A river 



COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1895. 25 

is a stream of water formed by tlie conjunction of 
smaller streams or branches. A lake is a body of 
water enclosed by land. 

3. Anticosti, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Yezo, northeast 
of China, is one of the Japan Islands. The Isle of Man, in 
the Irish Sea, between England and Ireland. Sicily, in the 
Mediterranean Sea, south of Italy. Aleutian Islands, south- 
west of Alaska. Samoan, northeast of Australia, in the Pa- 
cific Ocean. Azores, west of Portugal, in the Atlantic Ocean. 
Jamaica, south of Cuba, in the Caribbean Sea. Bermuda, 
southeast of United States, in the Atlantic Ocean. Iceland, 
west of Norway or east of Greenland, in the Arctic Ocean. 

4. The Yang-tse-Kiang rises among the Himalayas, flows 
irregularly east, and empties into the Pacific. The Murray 
rises in the Australian Alps, in the southeastern part of Aus- 
tralia, flows irregularly northwest and southwest, and empties 
into the Indian Ocean. The Yukon rises in the Eocky Moun- 
tains, in the northwestern part of British America, flows 
irregularly west, and empties into Bering Sea. The Columbia 
rises in the Eocky Mountains, in the western part of British 
America, flows irregularly southwest through the State of 
Washington, U. S., and empties into the Pacific. The 
Panama rises in the southern part of Brazil, flows southwest, 
and empties into the Eio de la Plata. The Danube rises in 
the Black Porest, Germany, flows irregularly southeast, and 
empties into the Black Sea. The Obi rises in the Altai Moun- 
tains, in the southern part of Siberia, flows irregularly north, 
and empties into the Gulf of Obi. The Ohio rises in the west- 
ern part of Pennsylvania, being formed by the junction of the 
Monongahela and Alleghany Elvers, flows southwest, and 
empties into the Mississippi. The Ottawa rises in the western 
part of the province of Quebec, flows southwest, and empties 
into the St. Lawrence Eiver. The St, Lawrence rises in the 
Great Lakes, flows northeast, and empties into the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence. 

5. The countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea are : 



36 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895* 

France, Spain, Italy, Austria, Montenegro, Turkey, Greece, 
Asia Minor, Egypt, Tripoli, Tunis, Algeria, and Morocco. 
The following on the Caribbean Sea: Jamaica, Cuba, Hayti, 
Porto Eico, Yucatan, British Honduras, Honduras, Nicaragua, 
Costa Eica, United States of Colombia, and Venezuela. These 
on the China Sea: China, Indo-China, Borneo, Philippine 
Islands. These on the Jaj^an Sea : Siberia, Corea, and Japan. 
On Bering Sea : Siberia, Alaska. 

6. The Pyrenees Mountains are between France and Spain ; 
Himalaya^ between India and China; Darling^ southeastern 
part of Australia; Wahsatch^ central Utah; Atlas Mountains, 
in the northern part of Africa. The Casjnan Sea is surrounded 
by Eussia, Asiatic Turkey, and Persia. Lake Superior is be- 
tween the Dominion of Canada and Michigan ; Victoria Ny- 
anza is in the southeastern part of Africa ; Lake Maracaybo 
is in the northeastern part of Venezuela; Cayuga Lake is in 
the west central part of New York. 

7. The States bordering on the Atlantic Ocean are: Maine, 
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Ehode Island, Connecticut, 
New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North 
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. On the 
Facific Ocean: Washington, Oregon, and California. Those 
bordering on the Dominion of Canada: Washington, Idaho, 
Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota (Michigan, Ohio, Pennsyl- 
vania, through the Great Lakes), New York, Vermont, New 
Hampshire, Maine. 

8. The harbors on our eastern coast are : Portland, on the 
coast of Maine ; Boston, on the eastern coast of Massachusetts ; 
New York, southeastern coast of New York; Norfolk, south- 
eastern coast of Virginia; Savannah, eastern coast of Georgia; 
Charleston, southeastern coast of South Carolina. O71 our 
western coast are: Seattle, western part of Washington; San 
Francisco, on the western coast of California; San Diego, 
southwestern coast of California. O71 our southern coast are: 
Galveston, southwestern coast of Texas; Pensacola, north- 
western coast of Florida. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895. 27 

9. The Catskills and Adirondacks are the mountains. The 
Hudson, Mohawk, and Genesee are the rivers. Seneca, Ca- 
yuga, Oneida, and George are the lakes. New York Central, 
West Shore, and Delaware and Hudson Canal are the great 
railroads ; iron, grain, salt, manufactures, and dairy products 
are t\iQ productions. The capital of New York State is Albany ; 
New York is the chief city. 

10. A solar day is the interval between two successive cross- 
ings of the meridian of a place by the sun. Neia or standard 
time refers to the belts of 15 degrees each into which the coun- 
try has been divided by the railroads in order to secure greater 
uniformity and accuracy of time-tables; those lying in adja- 
cent belts differ in time by one hour. The 75th meridian is 
the centre of the Eastern time-belt; the 90th meridian is the 
centre of the Central time-belt; the 105th meridian is the 
centre of the Mountain time-belt; the 120th meridian is the 
centre of the Pacific time-belt. An astronomical day is reck- 
oned from noon to noon. New York : latitude, 40° 46' north ; 
longitude, 74° 3' west. The difference in time of two places 
depends upon their difference in longitude. 

English. 

I. This is a complex, declarative sentence. " The common 
sense of mankind will always recognize a distinction between 
crimes and crimes^^ is the principal clause. The subject is 
sense^ modified by the common^ also by the simple adjective 
phrase of mankind; the predicate, ivill recognize^ is modified by 
always; distinction is the object, and is modified by the simple 
adjective phrase '''''between crimes and crimes,^'' " Which in 
questions of this sort seldom goes far wrong '' is the first depend- 
ent clause, and it is also a simple adjective clause relating to 
sense. Which is the subject; goes, the predicate, modified by 
seldom and the complex adverbial phrase '^ in questioris of this 
sort '^; wrong is the attribute, and is modified by far. The 
second dependent clause is, " tvhich originate in an inordinate 
zeal for the commonwealth y^^ and it is also a simple adj6;?tive 



2S COLLEGE A]S"SWERS — 1895. 

clause, relating to crimes (first). The subject is ivhich; pred- 
icate is originate, and is modified by the complex adverbial 
phrase, "in an inordinate zeal for the commonwealth, ''^ Third 
dependent clause is, " ivhicli originate in selfish cupidity ^^; 
this is also a simple adjective clause, and relates to crimes 
(second). Which is the subject; originate is the predicate, 
modified by the simple adverbial phrase, "in selfish cupidity.^'' 

II. (a) An active transitive verb is a verb that expresses an 
action which has some person or thing for its object. (^) A 
passive verb is a verb that represents its subject or nomina- 
tive as being acted upon, (c) The p)assive verb is formed by 
prefixing some form of the neuter verb to be to the perfect 
participle of a transitive verb, {d) Strike for victory before 
it is too late, {e) Victory must be struck for now. 

III. I. (Poem.) 2. {Fararphrase,) 

IV. I. The correct sentence should read as follows: ^^Of 
the pair of horses, the shorter one seemed to be much the 
younger. ^^ Shortest is wrong, because it refers to one of a i^air, 
or tivo, and the comparative degree should consequently be 
used. 

3. This sentence should read: ^^ We did not tell her whom 
the package came from '' — the word ivho being wrong, because 
it should be in the objective case, as it is governed by the 
preposition from, 

4. The correct sentence is : " Nearly every one of the stu- 
dents we knew was going to the exhibition'^ — were being 
wrong, because it should agree with its subject one, which is 
used singularly, in the singular number. 

5. This sentence should read: "An old shoe always goes 
on very easily " — the word easy being wrong, since it is an 
adjective, and cannot be used to modify the verb goes on. The 
adverb easily must therefore be used. 

V. I. Something is a common noun, third person, singular 
number, neuler gender, objective case, and is governed by the 
participle yz?zcZ/??<7. Beating may be parsed as belonging to the 
verb {to be) beating j it may also be parsed as an imperfect (or 



COLLEGE AKSWERS— 1895. 29 

present) participle, relating to something and introducing the 
participal phrase, " beating through the whole, " When parsed 
as belonging to the verb {to he) heating, it is an irregular, ac- 
tive, intransitive verb, the infinitive mood, in the present tense, 
having something for its subject. Soul is a common noun, 
third person, singular number, objective case, and governed 
by unto (understood). 

2. This cruel and barbarous assault was committed by the 
British soldiers. 

VI. {Composition ov Letter,) 

History. 

1. {a) The Constitution of the United States was adopted 
September 17th, 1787, at Philadelphia, {h) The Articles of 
Confederation, which controlled the Colonies before the Consti- 
tution was adopted, were insufficient. Congress had little or no 
power, and the States could do as they pleased. In order to 
concentrate the power and make a more perfect Union, the 
Constitution was adopted. 

2. Madison, 1809-1817; Monroe, 1817-1825; J. Q. Adams, 
1825-1829; Jackson, 1829-1837; Van Buren, 1837-1841; 
Harrison and Tyler, 1841-1845; Polk, 1845-1849; Taylor 
and Pillmore, 1849-1853; Pierce, 1853-1857; Buchanan, 
1857-1861 ; Lincoln, 1861-1865 ; Johnson, 1865-1869 ; 
Grant, 1869-1877. 

3. (a) Louisiana Territory, Florida, and Alaska through 
purchase, (h) California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and 
Nevada through war. {c) Texas through annexation. 

4. General Howe pursued Washington from Long Island to 
the Delaware Eiver. During the retreat of Washington, in 
1776, battles took place at Long Island, Harlem Heights, 
White Plains, and Fort Washington. 

5. (a) The colonists of Virginia were for the most part ad- 
venturers who came to America for the purpose of recovering 
their lost fortunes, {h) The colonists of Pennsylvania were 
Quakers, who came to America for refuge against the pei:se- 



30 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895. 

cution of the people in England, (c) The colonists of Rhode 
Island had been banished from Massachusetts, where they had 
suffered persecution on account of their religion. 

6. («) John and Sebastian Cabot, (b) They were Italians, 
but sailed under the English flag. John Cabot discovered 
Labrador, and explored the coast for some distance south 
Sebastian Cabot went farther south along the coast in the di- 
rection of Florida, and made other discoveries. 

7. (a) General Lee crossed the Potomac, and advanced 
through Maryland into Pennsylvania. Here he met General 
Meade, and a fierce battle followed, lasting three days (July 
lst-3d, 1863) . Lee was defeated, and recrossed the Potomac. 
(h) On July 4th, the same year. Grant compelled the surren- 
der of Vicksburg, on the Mississippi. After the fall of Vicks- 
burg, Port Hudson also surrendered. 

8. (ci) The government of New York State is modelled 
after that of the L^nited States. It has three branches : the 
Executive (Governor), the Legislative (Senate and Assembly), 
and the Judicial (Court of Appeals). These departments 
have the same power as those under the United States Con- 
stitution, ip) During colonial times New York was governed 
by governors appointed by the Dutch West India Company, 
and later by the British Crown. 

9. Due to the Erench and Indian Wars, England had fallen 
into debt, and resolved to tax the American Colonies in order 
to pay this debt, (a) The Stamp Act (1765) directed that 
stamps purchased from the British Government should be 
placed on all legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, etc. 
The American colonists furiously opposed this, and although 
Parliament repealed the act (1766), the British Government 
still declared the right to tax the colonies. Other steps that 
aroused the American colonists against the English were as 
follows : (h) Writs of Assistance, authorizing any oflBicial to 
ransack a man's house for smuggled goods; {c) Boston Fort 
Bill, closing the port of Boston to all commerce; {d) Mutiny 
Act, necessitating the American colonists to give needful 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1895. 31 

supplies and shelter to the English soldiers. These things 
aroused such hostile feelings among the colonists that very 
little was necessary to incite them into open rebellion. They 
prepared for armed opposition, and formed companies of 
" minute-men." When the British commander, General Gage, 
discovered that the American colonists were collecting mili- 
tary stores at Concord, he sent troops to destroy them. The 
patriots, however, resisted these troops when they arrived, 
and a battle followed at Lexington, April 19th, 1775, in which 
seven Americans were killed. This was the beginning of the 
Eevolution. 

lo. (a) Thomas Jefferson drew up the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, was the third President of the United States, and 
added a vast territory to our country by negotiating the piir- 
chase of Louisiana. (Ji) Daniel ]Vehster was a famous orator 
in Congress, and tried by his eloquent speeches in favor of 
Union and peace to reconcile the ]S"orth and South. He was 
also Secretary of State under Y\, H. Harrison and Fillmore, 
and negotiated the Ashburton Treaty, (c) Natlianael Greene 
was a famous American general of the Revolution, who fought 
with great valor in the battles of Guilford Court-House and 
Eutaw Springs, (d^ William H. Seiuard was Secretary of State 
under Lincoln and Johnson. The French Emperor withdrew 
his army from Mexico — due to his intervention — and the 
Republic was re-established. He also negotiated the pur- 
chase of Alaska from Russia, {e) William T. Sherman was 
a distinguished Union general during the Civil War. His 
march through Georgia to the Atlantic Coast was his greatest 
military feat. 



32 COLLEGE ANSAVERS — 1896, 

Normal College, 1896, 

Arithmetic. 

1. $120. 

2. 1,000,100. 

3. 4|^; $288. 

4. $43,871 

5. $12,024.04. 

6. The loss and gain balance one another. 

7. A's share, $1,250; B's share, $900. 

8. $344.63. 

9. 103.07+ feet. 
lo. 1.442. 

Geography. 

1. (a) The Equator' is a great circle midway between the 

Poles whose plane is perpendicular to the axis. 
(h) The two Polar Circles are the Arctic and Antarctic. 
(c) The inclination of the earth^s axis to the plane of 

its orbit, and the revolution of the earth about the 

sun. 
(c?) All places south of the Antarctic Circle. 
(e) As the sun apparently travels from east to west, and 

as Chicago is west of New York, at noon in New 

York the sun is not yet over the meridian of Chicago, 

and it is forenoon in the latter place. 

2. (a) Manhattan Island is bounded on the north by Spuy- 

ten Duyvil Creek and Harlem Eiver; on the east by 
Harlem Eiver and East Eiver ; on the south by New 
York Bay; on the west by Hudson Eiver. Staten 
Island is bounded on the north by New York Bay, 
Kill von Kull, and Newark Bay ; on the east by New 
York Bay; on the south by Earitan Bay; on the 
west by Arthur Kill or Staten Island Sound. Long 
Island is bounded on the north by Long Island Sound; 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1896. 33 

on the east by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by 

the New York Bay, East and Harlem Elvers; on the 

south by the Atlantic Ocean. 
(h) It was formerly known as Richmond County, but is 

now called Eichmond Borough. 
(6') Long Island consists of four counties, which are 

known as Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk. 

3. {(i) New York Central Eailroad, West Shore Eailroad, 

Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. 

(b) It is so called because it is not only the most im- 
portant, from a commercial point of view, but is also 
the most populous State in the Union. 

4. (a) Maine is bounded on the north by Quebec ; on the 

east by New Brunswick; on the south by the Atlantic 
Ocean ; on the west by New Hampshire and Quebec. 
{b) Augusta is the capital, and Portland, Bangor, Lew- 
iston, and Bar Harbor are its four important towns. 

(c) Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. ; Yale Col- 
lege, New Haven, Conn. ; Cornell University, Ithaca, 
N. Y. 

5. (a) Queenstown, Southampton, Liverpool, Hamburg, 

and Havre. 

{h) Cuba, Hayti, Jamaica, and Porto Eico are the four 
largest islands of the West Indies; Java, Sumatra, 
Borneo, and Celebes, of the East Indies. 

(c) Prom London through the Thames Eiver, Strait of 
Dover, English Channel, Atlantic Ocean, Strait of 
Gibraltar, Mediterranean Sea, Suez Canal, Eed Sea, 
Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, 
Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, Hugli Eiver to Cal- 
cutta. 

6. Capital of Holland is The Hague; of Austria, Vienna; 
of Japan, Tokio ; of Canada, Ottawa ; Thibet, Lhassa ; Persia^ 
Teheran; Transvaal, Pretoria; Chili^ Santiago; Peru, Lima; 
Venezuela, Caracas. 

7. The three greatest rivers in Africa are the Nile, Niger, 



34 COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1896. 

and Congo; in South America, Amazon, Orinoco, and the La 
Plata ; in Asia, Yenisei, Yang-tse-Kiang, and Ganges. 

8. (a) The Aleutian Islands are southwest of Alaska, and 
belong to the United States. 
{h) Island of Formosa is southeast of China — is occupied 

by Japan. 
(c) Jamaica is owned by England; Cuba is under the 
protection of the United States, preliminary to an 
independent government; Java, Holland; Corsica, 
France; Iceland, Denmark. 

English. 

1. {Composition,) 

2. [a) Valleys, journeys, sheaves, ellipses, indices (or in- 
dexes), (b) The valley was wide and beautiful. They went 
on a journey to Egypt. Their work was to sheaf the wheat. 
We noticed an ellipsis in two lines. Without an index many 
books would be valueless, (c) Though poor, luxurious; 
though submissive, vain. 

3. (a) Graphic— Ye\2itmg to writing or delineation, clear and 
vivid in description; scribe (n.) — a notary, a clerk, a secre- 
tary, a public writer; raise — to heighten, to erect, to rear; 
raze — to erase, to overthrow, to destroy; fare — money paid 
for a passage, provisions, (b) The daily paper gSive Si grajJiic 
description of the encounter. In the West Indies they can 
raise the banana in abundance, for the soil and climate there 
are well adapted to this fruit. The storm which swept 
through Kansas razed many buildings, (c) He is an alumnus 
of our college. He instituted his wife as executrix of his 
will. 

4. (a) Originator, originally, originality; courtly, courtier, 
courteous; humanity, humanly, humanitarian, (b) Learn is 
to gain or receive knowledge; teach is to impart knowledge or 
give instruction; famous, well known (commonly used in a 
good sense) ; notorious, well known (commonly used in a bad 



COLLEGE AKSWERS— 1896. 35 

sense), (c) It is not unpleasant to teach one who is willing 
to learn, 

5. There is a highly suggestive sentence in one of Matthew 
Arnold's letters which runs thus; "Perfection in the region 
of the highest poetry demands a tearing of one's self to pieces, 
which men do not readily consent to unless driven by their 
demon to do so.'' There, surely, we have the explanation of 
which we are in search, in eight words. Though he has left 
works in verse that will not die — " Thyrsis, " '' The Scholar- 
Gypsy," "Obermann Once More," etc. — still at no time of 
his life did Matthew Arnold tear himself to pieces. He pre- 
ferred to cultivate tranquillity. He wrote some most beauti- 
tiful poetry, but he was not driven by his demon to do so, and 
at length he ceased to write poetry altogether. 

Grammar. 

1. (a) A part of speech is one of the ten classes of words 
used in the language, {b) Words change from one part of 
speech to another according to the manner in which they are 
used in the sentence, (c) Parts of speech are distinguished 
by the offices they perform in the sentence. 

2. [a) A passive verb is a verb that represents its subject, 
or nominative, as being acted upon; (b) Si, redundant verb is 
a verb that forms the preterit or the perfect participle in two 
or more ways, and so as to be both regular and irregular; (c) 
a defective verb is a verb that forms no participles, and is used 
in but few of the moods and tenses, {d) Passive verb : The 
man was killed in the struggle. Redundant verb: The log 
was cleft (cloven^ by one blow of the axe. Defective verb : 
We ought to be thankful for the many opportunities we have 
to improve our minds. 

3. {a) Little, less, least; well, better, best; ill, worse, 
worst, {b) In, inner, inmost or innermost; out, outer or 
utter, outmost or utmost, outermost or uttermost; up, upper, 
upmost or uppermost. {c) Supreme, immortal, correct. 



36 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1896. 

These adjectives cannot be compared, since they already ex- 
press the quality in the highest degree, {d) It was known 
to Columbus that the earth is round. 

4. (a) They (first) should be he, in order to agree with its 
antecedent assailant, which is taken in the singular sense. 
Whom should be who, so as to agree in the nominative case 
with he after the neuter verb 7nay {he). They (second) 
should be he, because it is the subject of the verb may (he). 
The sentence, correctly written, should read : " It is our duty 
to protect this government and that flag from every assailant, 
be he who he may.'' {b) A wrong use has been made of the 
word offered. The correct sentence should read: *^A very 
lucrative employment was offered to Burke.'' (c) Were should 
be ivas in this case, because Homer and Virgil belong to dif- 
ferent propositions; consequently the verb must agree with 
the former, and be understood to the latter. The correct sen- 
tence should therefore read : " Homer, as well as Virgil, was 
translated and studied on the banks of the Khine." [d) Falls 
should he fall, in order to agree in the plural number with its 
subject heaps. The sentence, correctly written, should read: 
" While ever and anon there fall huge heaps of hoary, moulded 
walls." 

5. {a) What caused the explosion has not been discovered. 
{b) After I had finished the sewing which she gave me, I 
returned it v/ith bill, (c) This is a compound, declarative 
sentence. " You'll ask me," simple, independent. " Why 1 
rather choose to have a weight of carrioii flesh than (1 would 
choose) to receive three thousand ducats^'' is a noun clause, 
object ask, '^ Vll not answer that,^^ simple, independent. 
'' {Pll) say'''' is a simple, independent clause. ''It is my 
hwmor^' is a simple noun clause, object of say, 

6. (a) Ask is a regular, active, transitive verb, indicative 
mood, future tense, (h) Why is an adverb of cause, relating 
to choose, (c) Rather is an adverb of degree, relating to 
choose, (d) Receive is a regular, active, transitive verb, in- 
finitive mood, present tense, (e) That is a pronominal adjec- 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1896. 37 

fcive, used as a noun, the third person, singular number, ob- 
jective case, and is governed by answer. 

History. 

1. (a) Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria, (h) Amerigo Ves- 
pucci, a friend of Columbus, accompanied a subsequent expe- 
dition to the New World. A German published a spirited 
account of this mariner's adventures, and suggested that the 
country should be called America. This work, being the first 
description of the New World, was very popular, and the 
name was soon adopted by geographers, (c) Spain claimed 
the right to the New World owing to the discoveries and ex- 
plorations made by Ponce de Leon, De Soto, and De Narvaez ; 
France, through explorations of Verrazani, Cartier, and Ri- 
bault ; England, through the explorations made by John and 
Sebastian Cabot. 

2. (a) Peter Minuit, Wouter van Twiller, William Kieft, 
Peter Stuyvesant. {IS) The Patroons were certain people to 
whom the West India Company gave large grants of land 
in New Netherlands. They were to establish colonies on 
their own possessions. The title to their lands was to de- 
scend to their heirs forever. The Patroons became very rich 
and powerful. 

3. (a) The expeditions against Nova Scotia, Port Du- 
quesne. Crown Point, and Niagara. {U) General Braddock 
marched against Fort Duquesne with an army of 2,000 men, 
but was surprised and attacked by an Indian ambuscade. He 
was mortally wounded, and his army were obliged to retreat 
with great loss, (c) George Washington. 

4. (a) At Cambridge, July 3d, 1775. (b) Trenton, Prince- 
ton, (c) At Lancaster, {d) In the battles of Brandywine 
and Germantown. (e) By the victories at Bemis Heights 
and Saratoga. 

5. (a) Because they failed to provide for a centralized gov- 
ernment. Congress did not have supreme power, and con5v3 



38 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1896. 

queutly the States could do just as they pleased, {h) In 
June, 1788. (c) By the vote of nine States, (d) The dif- 
ferent States had adopted laws and regulations of their own, 
and since these were not uniform, this naturally gave rise to 
much ill feeling and jealousy. The laws of one State were 
not recognized by another State. Congress was not heeded, 
and it was powerless to enforce its regulations. All this 
would be prevented by having a strong centralized govern- 
ment. 

6. (a) The Alien Laics gave the President the power to 
expel from the country any foreigner he considered dangerous 
to the country, and extended the term of residence prior to 
naturalization to fourteen years. The Sedition Laics made it 
a penal offence to defame the President or Congress, (b) 
During John Adams' administration, (c) The Louisiana pur- 
chase was made during Thomas Jefferson's administration, 
from Prance, (d) Missouri had asked for admission to the 
Union, and the Missonri Com2:)romise was an agreement by 
which it was admitted as a slave State. This agreement, 
however, prohibited slavery in any territory north of the 
parallel of 36° 30'. 

7. (a) The dispute about the boundary-line between the 
United States and Mexico, and the annexation of Texas, (h) 
Battles of Cerro Gordo, Puebla, Contreras, Churubusco, Mo- 
line del Bey, and Chapultepec. (c) New Mexico, Arizona, and 
California, {d) The Fugitive Slave Law provided that a 
slave entering a free State could be claimed by his master as 
his property, and be denied the right of trial by jury. When 
necessary, all citizens were requested to assist the authorities 
in sending the claimed slave back into slavery, (e) " Uncle 
Tom's Cabin." (/) Harriet Beecher Stowe. 

8. [a) Slavery was the indirect cause, while the direct 
cause was the secession of Southern States, (h) South Car- 
olina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, 
Texas, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas. 
[c) "The Stars and Stripes," the flag of the United States, 



COLLEGE Ai^SWERS — 1896. 39 

consists of thirteen red and white stripes, and a blue field in 
the upper left-hand corner containing white stars — one for 
each State in the Union. "The Stars and Bars/' the Con- 
federate flag, consisted of three stripes, two red and one 
white, and a field of stars in a circle, (d) Battle of Bull 
Kun. (e) The Confederate. (/) Irvin McDowell was com- 
mander of the Union army ; G. T. Beauregard, of the Con- 
federate forces, [g) Twice. (Ji) In the Battle of Antietam. 
(i) Gettysburg. (^') Fort Donelson, Vicksburg, and Kich- 
mond. 

9. (a) Slavery was abolished by the Thirteenth Amend- 
ment to the Constitution, (h) Because he removed from 
office Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, without consid- 
eration of the Tenure of Office bill, {c) Eutherford B. Hayes 
and Samuel J. Tilden. (d) Both candidates claimed to be 
elected for the Presidency. Congress therefore appointed an 
electoral commission, which finally came to the decision that 
Hayes had one more electoral vote than Tilden. {e) James 
G. Blaine. 



College of the City of New York, 1896. 
Arithmetic. 

{a) Their relative magnitudes, expressed by the quotient 
obtained by dividing the first by the second. The 
ratio 10 to 45 is i| = f . 

{b) The greatest common divisor of two or more num- 
bers is the greatest number that will exactly divide 
them without a remainder. 60, 84, 144 — greatest 
common divisor is 12. 

(c) The fractional part of a fraction. -^^- = ^f X --j- = if f • 

(d) Invert the divisor, and then multiply all the numer- 



40 COLLEGE AKSWERS— 1896. 

ators together, and divide the product by the product 
of the denominators. 

2. (a) 1. 

3. $.0018+ per foot. 

4. {a) .0003; 3.010; 1010.10. 
{h) 1.5; .015; 250. 

(c) 634.602. 

5. {a) 2V 

(h) The value of the fraction will be diminished. 

(c) The denominator indicates the number of parts into 
which the unit is divided; hence the larger the de- 
nominator, the smaller the value of the fraction. 

6. (a) Point off in the product as many decimal places as 

there are in the multiplier and multiplicand added 
together. 
(h) Each decimal place represents a cipher in the de- 
nominator of the fraction, and since the product of 
tenths by tenths gives hundredths, tenths by hun- 
dredths, thousandths [-f^ X y-Q = tW)^ ^^ necessarily 
follows that the product will always contain as many 
ciphers as there are in both multiplier and multipli- 
cand, or, in decimals, where places represent ciphers, 
as many places as there are in both factors: .14 x 

. yjyj^j ^^^ ^ 1000 ■ lOUOOO* 

7. 5c. 

8. $430. 

9. 7.5 days. 
10. $8,500. 

English. 

I. (a) " In the gloaming '' means in the evening twilight. 
{h) " With a silence deep and white " pertains to the deep 
white snow which deadens all sound, (c) " Wore ermine too 
dear for an earl '^ means were covered with the snow, (^d) 



COLLEGE a:n'Swers — 1896. 41 

^' Was ridged inch deep with pearl ^' means was covered inch 
deep with ice or snow. 

II. I. This sentence is compound declarative, composed of 
two co-ordinate clauses. First clause, " The snow had begun 
in the gloaming ^^"^ is simple. The subject is snow^ modified 
by the; predicate, had begun, is modified by the simple 
adverbial phrase, ''in the gloaming, '^^ The second clause, 
" busily all the night (it) had been heaping Jleld and highway 
with a silence deep and white,^' is simple. Subject, it (under- 
stood) ; predicate is had been heaping, modified by busily, the 
simple adverbial phrase, " {during) all the night, " and the sim- 
ple adverbial phrase, "with a sileiice deep and white ^^ ; the 
object \^ field and highway, 

1. (a) Had been heaping is a regular, active, transitive 
verb, compound or progressive form, in the indicative mood, 
pluperfect tense, {b) Wore is an irregular, active, transitive 
verb, indicative mood, imperfect tense, and agrees in form 
with its subjects ^9in^,j^V, hemlock, (c) Dear is an adjective, 
and relates to ermine, (d) Was ridged is a regular, passive 
verb, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense, and agrees m 
form with its subject twig, 

III. I. The correct sentence should read : "The work goes 
on more slowly than we expected. ^^ Sloiuer is an adjective, 
and consequently cannot be used to modify the verb goes, 

2. The correct sentence should read : " His four sons were 
named John, Peter, Henry, and Eobert; the last was a grad- 
uate of Harvard.'' The word latter has reference to only one 
of tivo, and therefore cannot be used where more than two have 
been mentioned. 

3. This sentence should read: "Try to write as I do." 
The word like cannot be used as a conjunction. 

4. The correct sentence should read: "Each of the boys 
was perfect in his spelling." They does not agree with the 
singular antecedent each. Were is plural and does not agree 
with its subject each, it being singular. 

5. The sentence should read; "Neither the carriage nor 



42 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1896. 

the livery of the servant who preceded it was familiar to 
them." Were is plural, and should agree with its subject in 
the singular, since carriage and livery are to be used disjunc- 
tively, each being in reality the subject of a separate propo- 
sition requiring was as the predicate. 
IV. {Letter.) 

Geography. 

1. (a) III order of size, Asia, Africa, North America, South 
America, Europe, Australia, (h) In the order of jpopidation, 
Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Aus- 
tralia. 

2. {a) West to the Pacific. {V) The longest distance is 
from Sydney to Valparaiso; the shortest distance is from 
Cadiz to Norfolk. 

3. {a) Texas and California are the largest, (h) Ehode 
Island and Delaware the smallest, (c) Kentucky, Tennessee, 
and West Virginia are east of the Mississippi, and have nei- 
ther seashore nor lakeshore. {d) Minnesota, Wisconsin, and 
Michigan are on Lake Superior. 

4. The Niagara Eiver, Lake Ontario, and St. Lawrence 
Eiver separate it from the Province of Ontario ; Province of 
Quebec and Lake Champlain separate it from Vermont. Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Long Island Sound, New 
York Bay, and Hudson Eiver separate it from New Jersey. 
New Jersey and Delaware Eiver separate it from Pennsyl- 
vania. Pennsylvania and Lake Erie separate it from the 
Province of Ontario. 

5. {Mau.) 

6. {a) Great Britain and Denmark. {U) Great Britain, 
France, Germany, and Portugal, (c) Turkey, {d) North- 
west of Scotland, (e) East of Australia. (/) Off the north- 
western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. 

7. Liverpool, in England, on the Mersey Eiver; Glasgow, 
in Scotland, on the Clyde Eiver; Marseilles, in Prance, on 
the Mediterranean Sea ; Bordeaux, in France, on the Garonne 



COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1896. 43 

Eiver ; Barcelona, in Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea ; Ven- 
ice, in Italy, on the Gulf of Venice ; Hamburg in Germany, 
on the Elbe Kiver; Cologne, in Germany, on the Rhine; 
Oporto, in Portugal, on the Douro River; Odessa, in Russia, 
on the Black Sea. 

8. («) Through the Straits of Bosphorus, Dardanelles, Gi- 
braltar, and Dover, (b) England and Turkey, (c) 934 miles. 
(d) A canal could be constructed. 

History. 

1. (a) Raleigh made two attempts to establish a colony on 
Roanoke Island. The settlers, however, did not try to culti- 
vate the soil, but simply spent the time in looking for gold 
and pearls. Hence the efforts to establish the colony were 
unsuccessful, and Raleigh gave up the idea and transferred 
his grant (1583-1589). (h) Gosnold was the first to make 
a direct voyage from England to Massachusetts instead of 
taking the southerly course hitherto used, thus shortening the 
route by 3,000 miles. He was also one of the first settlers 
of Virginia. 

2. (a) Massachusetts was settled by two colonies, namely, 
Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony. The first named 
settled at Plymouth in 1620. Later (in 1692) they united 
with the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the name of Mas- 
sachusetts, (h) New York was settled by the Dutch about 
1613. It had four Dutch governors during the years 1626 
to 1664. After this period it vv^as taken by the English 
(1664), who changed the name from New Amsterdam to New 
York. The Dutch again took possession of it, nine years 
later, and held it for a short time; but the English soon re- 
gained possession, and held New York until the Revolution. 
(c) Neiv Jersey was at first a part of New Netherlands, gov- 
erned by the Dutch. It then passed into the hands of the 
Duke of York, who gave the land to Lord Berkeley and Sir 
George Carteret. Elizabethtown was established in 1664, and 
was the first permanent English settlement in the State. 



44 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1896. 

3. (a) The Stamp Act (1765), which ordered that stamps 
bought from the British Government should be placed on all 
legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, etc. This law was 
repealed in 1766. (h) The Mutiny Act, which ordered that 
the American colonists should supply the British soldiers 
with food and quarters, (c) The Boston FoH Bill, which 
closed the port of Boston to all commerce in retaliation for 
the '^Boston Tea Party.'' 

4. {a) Causes: The British seized American vessels and 
forced American sailors into English service. (lA Results: 
The treaty of peace did not settle the question ^f impress- 
ment; still, it was tacitly understood, and was never re- 
vived. The United States had gained the respect of Euro- 
pean nations and had shown its naval superiority, {c) Naval 
actions: Perry's victory on Lake Erie, Chesapeake and Shan- 
non, Hornet and Peacock. 

5. {a) The Southern States clung to the doctrine of " States' 
Eights," which stated that the State's authority was supreme, 
and that any State had the right to secede from the Union if 
it so desired. The North was opposed to this, and claimed 
that the Federal authority was absolute, and that no State 
had the liberty to sever its connection with the United States. 
(h) South Carolina passed a law proclaiming " null and void " 
the tariff law which had been passed by Congress, and threat- 
ened to secede from the Union if violence should be employed 
to collect any revenue at Charleston. While President Jack- 
son was ordering troops to Charleston, Clay's " Compromise 
Bill " was indorsed, due to which peace was restored. 

6. (a) Philadelphia, 1774, first Continental Congress; (h) 
Tip>pecanoe, battle with the Indians, in which General Har- 
rison defeated them with great carnage; (c) Salem, witch- 
craft delusion; (d) Cowpens, battle during Eevolutionary 
War ; (e) Vickshurg, siege and capture during the Civil War ; 
(/) Detroit, surrender by Hull during War of 1812; {g) 
Monteray, battle with Mexicans during Mexican War. 

7. (a) Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, Tyler^ Polk, Taylor, 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1897. 45 

Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln, Johnson, Grant, Hayes, 
Garfield, (b) Johnson, (c) Polk, {d) Jefferson. 

8. (a) Thirteenth Amendment made the slaves free; (h) 
Fourteenth made them citizens ; (c) Fifteenth gave them the 
right of voting. 

p. The explorers of the Mississippi Valley were for the 
most part Jesuit missionaries. They hoped to convert the 
Indians to the Christian faith, and sailed along the shores of 
the Great Lakes. Father Marquette sailed down the Missis- 
sippi Eiver till he reached the mouth of the Arkansas. La 
Salle sailed to the Gulf of Mexico (1682), and gave the coun- 
try the name of Louisiana, in honor of the King of France, 
Louis XIV. 



Normal College, 1897. 
Arithmetic. 



1. 14^V lio^i'S. 

2. 924AV. 



3. $8.08 per ton. 

4. The difference in time between New York and New 
Orleans is 1 hour, 3 minutes, and 48 seconds. 

5. 133-V days. 

6. $1,012.66. 

7. $1,260. 

8. 331^ profit. 

9. 36 miles, 298 rods, 1 foot, 6 inches. 

10. 617^ square feet. 

11. 10^. 

12. 25^. 

13. Stock, $18,000; shares, 360. 

14. 25 feet, 9 inches. 

15. 73. 



46 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1897, 



Geography. 



(a) Long Island^ Staten Island. 

(b) New York State is bounded on the north by Lake 
Ontario, St. Lawrence Eiver, and Quebec; on the 
east by Lake Champlain, Vermont, Massachusetts, 
and Connecticut; on the south by ^STew York Bay, 
JSTew Jersey, and Pennsylvania ; on the west by Lake 
Erie, Niagara Eiver, and Lake Ontario. 

(c) New York City, Buffalo, Eochester, Albany, and 
Syracuse. 

(d) New York, Kings, Queens, and Eichmond Counties. 
{e) Erie Canal; New York Central Eailroad, West 

Shore Eailroad. 

(a) Frigid, 23^°; Temperate, 43°; Torrid, 47°. 

(h) Continents — Asia, Africa, North America, South 
America, Europe, and Australia. Oceans — Pacific, 
Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, and Arctic. 

(c) At the Tropic of Cancer. 

(d) On the same parallel. 

(a) Cleveland, on Lake Erie, in northeastern Ohio; To- 
ledo, on Lake Erie, in northwestern Ohio; Duluth, 
on Lake Superior, in eastern Minnesota; Buffalo, on 
Lake Erie, in western New York; Erie, on Lake 
Erie, in northwestern Pennsylvania. 

(h) New York State. 

(c) Louisiana — Baton Eouge; Arkansas — Little Eock; 
Missouri — Jefferson City; Iowa — Des Moines; Min- 
nesota — St. Paul. 

{a) England — London, on the Thames Eiver, in south- 
eastern part; France — Paris, on the Seine Eiver, in 
the north-central part; German Empire — Berlin, on 
the Spree Eiver, in central part; Eussia — St. Peters- 
burg, on the Neva Eiver, in western part ; Austria — ■ 
Vienna, on the Danube Eiver, in the northwestern 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1897. 47 

part; Italy — Eome^ on the Tiber Eiver, in the west- 
ern part. 

(b) Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, Corsica, Crete. 

(c) Chinese Empire. 

(d) Teheran — Persia; Lhassa — Thibet; Tokio — Japan. 

(e) Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane. 
5. (a) 10:24 p.m. 

(b) Cape Verde, Madeira, Canary Islands. 

(c) Egypt, Tripoli, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco. 

(d) The trade winds that blow over this area come 
from the deserts to the northeast, and are very dry 
and vaporless. 

(e) Pyrenees, between Spain and Prance; Alps, in Swit- 
zerland, Austria, and Italy ; Balkans, in northern Tur- 
key; Carpathians, in north , western Austria; Apen- 
nines, in central Italy. 

English. 

1. (Com2)osition.) 

2. (a) George Washington was 2i famous commander of the 
Revolution, (b) Defamatory reports quickly circulate when 
the slightest impetus is given to the rumor, (c) To defame 
the Civil Authority seems to be the privilege of the Press, or, 
it abuses the liberty it enjoys. (c^) Politics, which affect 
us all, when entered for gain extinguish patriotism, which, if 
all infamous reports were true, would not be the nucleus of 
our municipal government, {e) All proper nouns, the pro- 
noun I, the interjection 0, proper adjectives, names of the 
Deity. 

3. Learn, to gain knowledge of, as by study ; teach, to give 
instruction to. It is easy to teach those who are willing to 
learn, is used in a direct address ; as, " Nature, how in 
every charm supreme! ^^ Oh is used to express some sudden 
emotion; as, "Oh, how cold it is!^^ [a) These young men 
are alumni of the City College, (b) These young ladies are 
alumnae of the Normal College. 



48 COLLEGE ANSWEKS — 1897. 

4. Cite, to quote or name for argument or exemplification \ 
site, situation, with especial regard to the surroundings, local 
position; 7>re?/, to take booty, to seize and devour; trend, to 
have or take a general course or direction, incline, lean ; feud, 
hostility or conflict between families or clans, commonly he- 
reditary, (a) The word ivliom should be who, in order to 
agree with I in the nominative case after the neuter verb am. 
The correct sentence should therefore read, '' Who do you think 
I am?'^ (h) The word lay in this sentence should be lie, be- 
cause the verb lay is transitive, and the sense requires an in- 
transitive verb. The sentence should therefore read, *' Why 
don't you lie down and take a nap?" {e) The word healthy 
should be healthful, because the meaning is wholesome, and 
not in a state of health. The correct sentence should be, " A 
farmer advertises that boarders will get healthful food on his 
farm." 

5. A bill, after passing both Houses, is sent to the Presi- 
dent, who has ten days (Sundays excepted) to consider it. 
If he approves, he signs it. If he does not approve the bill, 
he usually returns it to the House in which it originated, with 
his reasons for not signing it. If he does not return it within 
ten days, it becomes a law without his signature, unless Con- 
gress has adjourned before the ten days have expired. 

There rolls the deep where grew the tree. 

earth, what changes thou hast seen ! 

There where the long street roars hath been 
The stillness of the Central Sea. 
The hills like shadows melt ; they flow 

Prom form to form, and nothing stands ; 

They fade like mists ; the solid lands 
Like clouds they shape themselves and go. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1897. 49 



English Grammar. 



1. (a) Dozen, couple, gross. {h) Tooth-brushes, spoon- 
fuls, (c) By the use of different terminations — host, hostess; 
by using different words — brother, sister; by prefixes and 
suffixes — male descendant, female descendant — peacock, pea- 
hen, (d) Case is a grammatical form denoting the relation 
of a noun or pronoun to some other words in the sentence. 
(e) There are three cases in English. (/) The nomiiiative 
case is that form or state of a noun or pronoun which usually 
denotes the subject of a finite verb; the ^9055^55^^6? case is that 
form or state of a noun or pronoun which usually denotes the 
relation of property ; the objective case is that form or state of 
a noun or pronoun which usually denotes the object of a verb, 
participle, or preposition. 

2. (a) Shall in the first person, and will in the others, 
show a future action or event; will in the first person, and 
shall in the others, indicate a promise, volition, threat, or 
command, (h) We shall be ruined unless we economize. I 
will tell the truth and you shall not prevent me. You will 
learn if you study. 

3. (1) Like is here an adjective relating to staff, (2) A 
regular, active, transitive verb, indicative mood, present 
tense. (3) An adverb relating to ran. (4) An adjective, 
and relates to flamingoes. (5) While is used here as a noun, 
third person, singular number, objective case, and is gov- 
erned by a preposition understood, the construction being 
idiomatic. 

4. " Where scej^tred angels held their reiidence and sat '' is 
a dependent, adjective clause. " As princes (sit) '' is a de- 
pendent, adverbial clause^. " Whom supreme King exalted to 
such power ^^ is a dependent, adjective clause. '^ (Whom he) 
gave to rule, each in his hierarchy, the orders hright,^^ is also 
a dependent, adjective clause. 

5. (a) Fathoms is a common noun, plural number, objec- 



50 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1897. 

tive case, and is governed by 0/ (understood), equivalent to 
in a depth of full five fathoms, (h) Death is a common noun, 
singular number, objective case, and governed by died, (c) 
As is a relative pronoun, having for its antecedent things, with 
which it agrees in plural number; nominative case, subject of 
surprised, (r/) Foot is a common noun, singular number, ob- 
jective case, and is governed by of (understood), equivalent to 
high to the height of only a foot, (e) Us is a personal pronoun, 
first person, plural number, common gender, objective case, 
and is governed by to (understood). 

History. 

1. (a) The Declaration of Independence, (b) At Eutaw 
Springs, in 1781. (c) At Yorktown, in 1781. {d) The sur- 
render of Cornwallis. This practically ended the war. (e) 
Count de Grasse. 

2. (a) Alexander Hamilton, [b) He insisted that public 
lands should be sold; that duties should be levied on the 
tonnage of ships and on all foreign goods imported into the 
United States ; and that measures should be taken to collect 
the revenue. He also established a national bank, (c) John 
Adams, (d) Henry Knox. 

3. (a) The battle between the Bon Homme Eichard and 
the Serapis. (b) Commodore Perry's great victory on Lake 
Erie, (c) The famous battle between the Monitor and the 
Merrimac. (d) The Revolutionary War was caused by the 
attempt of England to tax the American Colonies without 
giving them a representation in Parliament, (e) The War 
of 1812 w^as brought on by the seizure of American ships by 
the English, and the forcing of American sailors into the Eng- 
lish navy. (/) The Civil War was caused by the secession 
of the Southern States, due to the slavery question. 

4. (a) African Slavery was introduced by the Dutch in 
1619. {b) In the year 1863. (c) The Missouri Compromise 
Bill admitted Missouri into the Union, as a slave State, in 



COLLEGE AKSWERS— 1897. 51 

1821, and prohibited slavery in territories north of the paral- 
lel 36° 30'. (cZ) The Mexican War was caused by the annex- 
ation of Texas and the dispute concerning the boundary-line 
between the United States and Mexico, {e) Arizona, New 
Mexico, and California. 

5. (a) The Fugitive Slave Laiu provided that if a slave 
should enter a free State his master could claim him as his 
property, and that the slave should be denied the right of 
trial by jury. All citizens were called upon to assist the au- 
thorities to enforce this law. (h) During Fillmore's admin- 
istration, (c) The Kansas- Nebraska Bill divided the terri- 
tory seeking admission to the Union into two parts, — the 
northern part was to be known as "Nebraska, the southern as 
Kansas, — and left it to be decided by the settlers whether 
they should or should not establish slavery, [d) Stephen 
A. Douglas, [e) The War of the Eebellion. 

6. (a) Forts Henry and Donelson, Vicksburg, Kichmond. 
(h) Dalton, Kesaca, Cassville, AUatoona, Dallas, (c) The 
freeing of the slaves, (d) The Civil War began April 12th, 
1861, and ended April 9th, 1865. {e) For removing Secretary 
of War Edwin M. Stanton from oflSce, in violation of the 
Tenure of Office Act, 



College of the City of New York, 1897. 
Arithmetic. 

{a) The quotient is the result of the division, and shows 
how many times the dividend contains the divisor. 
The minuend is the greater of the two numbers in 
subtraction. 

(h) The numerator shows how many of the equal parts 
of a unit are used. The denominator shows the num- 
ber of equal parts into which the unit is divided. 

(c) The present ivorth of a debt payable at a future time 



52 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1897. 

is a sum which, if put at interest, will amount to the 
debt when it is due. 
(d) For the reason that only like fractional units can 
be added. 

2. {a) -ifif^^ or 143Uf times. 

(b) 1. 

3. (a) .002f. 

(h) Its value becomes one-third as great; it divides the 
fraction by 3. 

(c) Since the denominator indicates the number of equal 
parts into which the unit is divided, it necessarily 
follows that if this number be multiplied by 3 each 
part can be only one-third as large as before ; and as 
the numerator, or number of parts used, remains the 
same, the value of the fraction becomes one-third as 
great. 

4. (a) .0000009, .0033, 10.0020. 

(b) .004; 400. 

(c) 11.077. 

5. (a) Its value is multiplied by 10. 

(b) Each decimal place represents a cipher in the de- 
nominator. Moving the decimal point one place to 
the right removes one cipher from the denominator, 
or divides it by 10 ; hence, the denominator being one- 
tenth as great, the value of the fraction is multiplied 
by 10. 

(c) There must be as many decimal places in the prod- 
uct as there are in the multiplier and multiplicand 
added together. 

(d) Tenths times units will give tenths; tenths times 
tenths will give hundredths ; tenths times hundredths 
will give thousandths, etc. Hence, after multipli- 
cation of decimals, the denominator of the product 
will contain as many places as there are in both fac- 
tors. For example: .24 x .6 = j%\ X -^ = iWo 
= .144. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1897. 53 

6. 5 horses. 

7. 8 hours. 

8. $3,3605 or a gain of $1,350. 

9. $95. 
10. 10^. 

Geography. 

1. (1) Colorado. (2) Savannah. (3) Mississippi. (4) 
Ohio. (5) Missouri. (6) Sabine. (7) Potomac. (8) Con- 
necticut. (9) Delaware. (10) Ohio. (11) Columbia. 

2. (1) Alderney — English Channel — England. (2) Cor- 
sica — Mediterranean Sea, west of Italy — France. (3) Crete 
— Mediterranean Sea, southwest of Greece — Turkey. (4) 
Heligoland — North Sea, northwest of Germany — Germany. 

(5) Jamaica — Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba — Great Britain. 

(6) Joannes — northeast of Brazil at the mouth of the Ama- 
zon Eiver — Brazil. (7) Spitzbergen — Arctic Ocean, north of 
Norway — claimed by Eussia. (8) Sumatra — Indian Ocean, 
south of Malay Peninsula — Netherlands. (9) Tasmania — 
Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia — England. 

3. (1) Siberia. (2) Austria. (3) Mexico. (4) Eussia. 
(5) Italy. (6) Prance. (7) United States. (8) Canada. 
(9) Germany. (10) Asiatic Turkey. (11) Chinese Empire. 
(12) Australia. (13) Great Britain. 

4. (1) Belgium, on the Scheldt Eiver. (2) Germany, on 
the Weser Eiver. (3) Italy, on the Gulf of Genoa. (4) 
Scotland, on the Clyde Eiver. (5) Germany, on the Elbe 
Eiver. (6) Prance, on the Seine Eiver. (7) Island south- 
east of China, in China Sea. (8) England, on the Mersey 
Eiver. (9) Holland, on the Maas. (10) England, on South- 
ampton Water. (11) Japan, on the Pacific Coast. 

5. (a) 180°. (5) 10,800 geographical miles, or 12,450 
statute miles. 

6. (1) Arabia. (2) Australia. (3) United States. (4) 
Northern British America, Greenland. (5) Africa. (6) East 
Indies. 



54 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1897. 



English. 

1. (a) '^ In language quaint and olden ^^ means in the old- 

fashioned language of ancient times. 
(h) " The castled Bhine.'^^ This alludes to the many old 

castles the ruins of which are along the banks of the 

Ehine. 
(c) " Earth'' s firmament '' means the green country or 

meadow. 
(rZ) '^ Astrologers and seers of eld»'' Astrologers and 

seers were men who^ in ancient times, pretended to 

foretell events (the former by a study of the stars). 

'^ Of eld '^ means in ancient times. 
{e) " JVraj^j^ed about with auful mystery " refers to the 

incomprehensible mystery attached to the realms of 

the stars. 

2. This is a complex, declarative sentence. The principal 
clause, from spake to one, is used independently. Subject, 
one, is modified by the adjective clause, "ivho dwelleth by the 
castled Rhine ^'; predicate, spake, is modified by full ivell, the 
adverbial phrase, "in language quaint and olden,'' and the 
complex adverbial clause from ivhen to shine. The dependent 
clause, "icho divelleth by the castled Rhine," is simple. Sub- 
ject is ivho; predicate, dwelleth, modified by the adverbial 
phrase, ''by the castled Rhine." The dependent clause, 
"'when he called the flowers, so blue and golden, stars," is 
simple. The subject is he; predicate, called; object, flowers, 
modified by "so blue and golden^' and the appositive stars. 
When modifies both called and spake, and connects the two 
clauses. The dependent clause, " that in earth's firraament 
do shine," is simple, adjective, relating to stars. The sub- 
ject is that; predicate, do shine, modified by the adverbial 
phrase, "in earth' s firmannent" 

3. Spake is an irregular, active, intransitive verb, indicative 
mood, imperfect tense. Well is an adverb of manner relating 



COLLEGE AKSWERS— 1897. 55 

to spake. Quaint is an adjective relating to language. One 
is a pronominal adjective, used here as a noun, third person, 
singular number, masculine gender, nominative case, subject 
to spake. Flowers is a common noun, third person, plural 
number, neuter gender, objective case, governed by called. 

4. Perspire, expire; consign, design; prescribe, describe; 
perceive, receive; defect, effect. 

5. {Letter,") 

History. 

I. (a) In 1497, John Cabot, under authority from Henry 
VII. of England, sailed from Bristol with his son Sebastian, 
in search of a northwest passage to India. They reached the 
mainland of Korth America, and explored the shores of Labra- 
dor, thinking they were on the coast of China. In the follow- 
ing year Sebastian crossed the ocean again, exploring the coast 
from Newfoundland to Chesapeake Bay. As he failed to find 
either untold wealth or the passage to India, the expedition 
was considered a failure. jSTevertheless by these discoveries 
England laid claim to vast territory in the New World. {K) 
In 1603, Champlain, a French explorer, made his first voyage 
to Canada. He ascended the St. Lawrence as far as the pres- 
ent site of Montreal. In 1608, he founded Quebec, the first 
permanent Erench settlement in Canada, and established a 
trading-post there. Bent upon finding a way to China, he 
joined a war party of the Hurous against the Iroquois in his 
desire to explore the country, and on this journey he discov- 
ered the beautiful lake which bears his name (1609). By his 
discoveries he established the right of France to the St. Law- 
rence and adjacent territory, {c) In 1609, Henry Hudson, 
an English captain, while in the employ of the Dutch, to find 
a shorter route to the East Indies crossed the Atlantic, en- 
tered the harbor of jSTew York, and ascended the river (the 
Hudson) which flows into it. In 1610, in the employ of an 
English company, once more he sailed to find a northern pas- 
sage to India, and discovered the great bay which bears his 



56 COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1897. 

name. On his discovery of the Hudson Eiver the Dutch 
based their claim to the region from the Delaware Eiver to 
Cape Cod, calling it New Netherlands. 

2. (a) The early colonists of New York were sent out by 
traders, called the Dutch West India Company, for the pur- 
pose of establishing settlements for trade with the Indians. 
They were actuated, therefore, by commercial interests, (b) 
The colonists of Pennsylvania were Friends, or Quakers, who 
because of their religious belief were bitterly persecuted in 
England. William Penn, their leader, desired to establish 
in Pennsylvania a refuge for his persecuted brethren. Hence 
they were actuated by a desire for religious freedom, (c) 
The colonists of Virginia, numbering about one hundred, were 
sent out by the London Company. Most of the number were 
gentlemen who had run through their fortunes and hoped to 
retrieve them by finding gold in the new country. Hence 
they were actuated by a desire for personal gain. 

3. (a) The other colonial wars had their origin in disputes 
arising in Europe between England and France, while the 
French and Indian War had its origin in disputes arising from 
conflicting claims of territory in America between the English 
and the French colonists, (h) France, as a result of the 
French and Indian War, gave up to England all her territory 
east of the Mississippi, except two small islands south of New- 
foundland, retained as fishing-stations, (c) As a result of the 
other colonial wars a settlement of the disputes between the 
mother countries was arrived at by which their American ter- 
ritory was not affected. 

4. (a) No, the Declaration of Independence vas not a 
cause of the Eevolutionary War. (/>) It was issued because 
after the Eevolution had begun the colonists realized that 
nothing short of a complete separation from England would 
suffice for the welfare of the country, and that a declaration 
of this kind would accord them the rights of belligerents, and 
the assistance and support of foreign powers. 

5. (a) On the north, the St. Lawrence and the Lakes 3 on 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1897. 57 

the east, the St. Croix Eiver ; on the south, a line extending 
from the north of Florida to the Mississippi; on the west, the 
Mississippi Eiver, which was to be free to both nations. (Z>) 
Since the close of the Kevolution the following additions have 
been made : Iii 1803, Louisiana, by purchase from France ; in 
1819, Florida, ceded by Spain; in 1845, Texas, by annexa- 
tion; in 1848, Arizona, California, New Mexico, by treaty 
with Mexico; in 1853, Gadsden settlement, by purchase from 
Mexico ; Washington, Oregon, Idaho, were acquired by explo- 
ration and settlement; in 1867, Alaska, by purchase from 
Eussia. 

6. The leading event of Madison's administration was the 
War of 1812; of Jackson's administration, the "Nullifica- 
tion, " Indian Wars, withdrawal of the charter of the United 
States Bank. 

7. The government of the State of New York is patterned 
after the Constitution of the United States, and is divided 
into three departments, called the Legislative (Senate and As- 
sembly), which makes the laws; the Executive (Governor), 
which carries the laws into effect; the Judicial (Court of Ap- 
peals), which interprets the laws. 

8. The opening of the Mississippi and the taking of Eich- 
mond. 

9. Thomas Jefferson is distinguished as the third President 
of the United States, the writer of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, and as having negotiated the purchase of Louisiana. 
(h) Daniel Webster is distinguished as a famous orator in Con- 
gress, as Secretary of State under W. H. Harrison and Fill- 
more, and as having negotiated the Ashburton treaty, (c) 
General Greene is distinguished as a famous general of the 
Eevolution, assisted at battle of Trenton, and fought battles 
at Guilford Court-House and Eutaw Springs, [d) Robert E, 
Lee is distinguished as the principal general of the Confeder- 
ates during the Civil War, as having taken part in Seven 
Days' battle, the battles at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chan- 
cellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, and Eich- 



68 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1898. 

mond. (e) William H, Seward is distinguished as the Secre- 
tary of State under Lincoln and Johnson, as having negotiated 
the purchase of Alaska from Eussia, and ably assisting Lin- 
coln in the Civil War. 



Normal College, 1898. 
Arithmetic. 

I. -9. 

2. $52,074. 

3. Three millionths. 

4. $20 worth. 

5. 3 minutes 20^^^ seconds past 9 p.m. 

6. $367.46|. 

7. $.376+. 

8. ll\fc profit. 

9. 5 years, 10 months, 6 days. 

10. $.001821 on the dollar, or .ISy^^.^. 

11. 29-j-\^. 

12. $1,006.66|. 

13. 8,082.90 francs. 

14. 14.91 miles. 

15. $4,988.15. 

Geography. 

1. (a) One — the Equator. 
{h) An infinite number, 
(c), {d) {Diagram.) 

{e) 90^ North. 

(/) Quito, Ecuador; it is situated on the Equator. 

2. (a) {Map.) 

(b) New York is bounded on the north by Westchester 
County; on the east by Nassau County and Long 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1898. 59 

Island Sound 5 on the south by Jamaica Bay and the 
Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by the Hudson Eiver and 
New York Bay. 
(c) The boroughs are: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, 
Queens, and Eichmond. 

(a) New York, Buffalo, and Eochester. 

(b) Pennsylvania. 

(c) Maryland, Indiana, Virginia, and Ohio. 

(d) Cuba, Hayti, Porto Eico, and Jamaica; Luzon, 
Mindanao. 

(e) Minnesota — St. Paul; Iowa — Des Moines; Missouri 
— Jefferson City; Arkansas — Little Eock; Louisiana 
• — Baton Eouge; South Dakota — Pierre; North Da- 
kota — Bismarck ; Nebraska — Lincoln ; Kansas — To- 
peka; Texas — Austin; Montana — Helena; W^^oming 
— Cheyenne; Colorado — Denver; Idaho — Boise City; 
Utah — Salt Lake City; Washington — Olympia; Ore- 
gon — Salem ; Nevada — Carson City ; California — 
Sacramento. 

(a) Turkey ^ — Absolute Monarchy — Constantinople;- 
Canada — British Colony with Home Eule — Ottawa; 
Prance — Eepublic — Paris ; Japan — Limited Empire — 
Tokio; British India — British Colony governed by 
Viceroy — Calcutta. 

(Z>) British India. 

(a) England, Prance, Germany, Italy, and Portugal. 

(b) Mediterranean Sea, Suez Canal, Eed Sea, Strait of 
Bab-el-Mandeb, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, Strait 
of Malacca, and China Sea. 

(a) The southwestern part. 

(b) Most of the western part. 

(c) The winds from the west strike the Andes in south- 
ern Chili and deposit their moisture, thus making the 
rainfall of that part of the coast very abundant. Far- 
ther north the winds from the east blow across Brazil, 
and, striking the Andes, deposit their moisture on the 



60 COLLEGE ANSWERS— 1898. 

eastern slope, and blow as dry winds over the land on 
the other slope. 

(d) Arizona. 

(e) Yellow and Japan Seas. 

(/) Euphrates — Asiatic Turkey; Lena — Siberia; Irra- 
waddy — Burmah ; Amu — Bokhara ; Amoor — Eastern 
Siberia. 

English. 

1 . ( Coviposition, ) 

2. {a) Blockade, to shut off from intercourse. Capitulate, to 
surrender with negotiations. Bombard, to attack with bombs. 
{h) The blockade of Cuban ports was diligently kept, and 
many prizes of war were captured by the blockading squadron. 
Superior numbers sometimes capitulate. When the ships ar- 
rived in the harbor, they began to bombard the city, (c) The 
ships having arrived in the harbor, the bombardment of the 
city began. 

3. Boys', heroes', monkeys' ; wizard, bachelor, drake. 
Anno Domini — Ultimo — Anonymous — Medicinae Doctor — 
Post Office. 

4. 1. A man is said to be relentless when he is without 

pity. Its contrary is forgiving. 

2. Indigenous plant is a native plant. A plant is said 
to be indigenous to the country in which it was first 
found. Its contrary is foreign or exotic. 

3. An ambiguous expression is of doubtful meaning, or 
uncertain. Its contrary is perspicuous or clear. 

4. Convergent lines will intersect. Lines not convergent 
may be divergent or parallel. 

5. (a) The hare fled from the hounds. 

(h) The birds flew as the hunter approached. 
{c) Before he could fire, they had all flown away in the 
direction of the brook, which flowed by the meadow. 

6. Well, I'll repent, and that suddenly, while I am in some 
liking. I shall be out of heart shortly, and then I shall have 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1898. 61 

no strength to repent. And I have not forgotten what the 

inside of a church is made of. I am a peppercorn, a brewer's 

horse, the inside of a church. Company, villainous company, 
hath been the spoil of me. 

God bless the flag and its loyal defenders, 

While its broad folds o'er the battlefield wave; 

Till the dim star-wreath rekindles its splendors, 
Washed from its stains in the blood of the brave. 



English Grammar. 

1. (a) When er and est cannot be added to the positive de- 
gree to express the comparative and superlative respectively. 
(b) III, worse, worst. Uvil, worse, worst. Fore, former, 
foremost or first, (c) The positive oi further is forth. 

2. (a) In order to express the variations in time, person, 
number, and mood, (h) An intransitive verb expresses an ac- 
tion that can have no person or thing for its object, (c) The 
gardener grows vegetables and flowers. (cZ) A defective is 
wanting in some of the principal parts, (e) Beware; ought. 

3. I 07ily saw William yesterday. Only is here an adverb 
of degree and relates to saiv. The meaning is that I simply 
saw William and did nothing else. Only I saw William yes- 
terday. Here only is an adjective qualifying 1, The mean- 
ing is that no one but myself saw William yesterday. I saw 
only William yesterday. Only here qualifies William. The 
meaning is that I saw no one but William yesterday. I saw 
William only yesterday. Here only is an adverb qualifying 
yesterday. The meaning is that I saw William so recently as 
yesterday. 

4. As his brother is an adverbial clause relating to cour- 
ageous, 

Wliere I could Jind the horse is a noun clause, objeci of 
ashed. 

As please me is an adjective clause relating to things. 



62 COLLEGE AKSWERS — 1898. 

Hoiv much truth is preferable to peace is a noun clause, ap- 
positional with question, 

5. (1) Compound, imperative sentence. (2) (a) Me {to) 
try by sleeping, {b) What it is to die . . . bed. (3) {a) 
is an infinitive object (noun) clause; (b) is a noun cla,use, 
object of try, 

6. Try is an irregular, active, transitive verb; infinitive 
mood, present tense. JVhat is a pronominal adjective used as 
a noun ; nominative case, to agree with it after the neuter verb 
is. Lay is an irregular, active, transitive verb ; infinitive mood, 
present tense. As is a conjunctive adverb connecting gently 
and on my bed. Bed is a common noun; objective case, gov- 
erned by the preposition on, 

(1) Fight is a common noun; objective case, governed by 
fought, 

(2) Mile is a common noun; objective case, governed by of 
(understood). 

(3) Laugh is an infinitive used as a noun; objective case, 
governed by but. 

History. 

1. 1. To trade with the Indians and to colonize. 

2. New Netherlands. 

3. New Amsterdam. 

4. North Eiver. 
0. South Eiver. 

6. The Puritans in Connecticut and the Swedes in Dela- 
ware. 

2. 1. The French King took up the cause of the exiled 

English King, James, and proclaimed war against 
England, 1689. The French colonists united with the 
Indians and attacked the English settlement. 
2, When James, the exiled King, died in Erance, Louis 
XIV. of France proclaimed his son King of England j 
war was declared, 1702. The American colonies car^ 
ried on the war in this country. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1898. 63 

3. Disputes arose in Europe about succession to the Aus- 
trian throne, which led to war. France and England 
took up arms. The Colonies in North America took 
part. 

4. This war began in America. 

6. King William's War, Treaty of Eyswick. Queen 
Anne's War, Treaty of Utrecht. King George's War, 
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. French and Indian War, 
Treaty of Paris. 

1. Money was very scarce in the treasury, and supplies 
were exhausted ; officers and soldiers were at the point 
of mutiny. 

2. The battle fought at Saratoga, 1777. It caused the 
recognition of the American nation by the French 
King, and indirectly the furnishing of subsequent aid. 

3. Marquis de Lafayette, a French nobleman ; with him 
was a German officer. Baron de Kalb. Kosciusko, 
Pulaski, Polish nobles ; and later Baron Steuben, rep- 
resenting Germany. 

1. Continental Congress. (Representative.) 
2.' Franklin, who was minister to France, induced the 
French Government to sign a treaty of alliance. 

3. The previous form of government was not strong 
enough. 

4. Legislative, Executive, Judicial. 

6. Candidate for Senator shall have attained the age of 
thirty years, be a citizen of the United States for nine 
years, and when elected be an inhabitant of the State 
for which he is chosen. 

6. No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen 
of the United States at the time of the adoption of 
the Constitution, can be eligible to the office of Presi- 
dent. Shall have attained the age of thirty -five years^ 
and been a resident of the United States for fourteen 
years. 

1. Battle of Gettysburg, capture of Vicksburg. 



64 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1898. 

2. Gettysburg — Lee, Confederate; Meade, Union. 
Vicksburg — Pemberton, Confederate; Grant, Union. 

3. Admiral Farragut captured the forts defending 
Mobile. Commodore Porter captured New Orleans. 

6. (a) The impressment of American seamen ; violr.tion of 
neutral rights on the American coast by the British 
cruisers; the British ^^ Orders in Council," and the 
inciting of the Indians against the United States. 

(^) The boundary-line of Texas. 

(c) Spain^s treatment of the Cubans. 



College of the City of New York, 1898. 

Arithmetic. 

((x) A minuend is a quantity from which another is to be 
subtracted. 

(b) Multiply the numerators and denominators ; write as 
a new fraction and reduce to lowest terms. 

(c) The greatest number that will exactly divide two or 

more given numbers ; as, 

12) 144 (12 12) 60 (5 12) 108 (9 
144 60 108 

12, being the largest number that will divide all three 
without a remainder, is their greatest common divisor. 
a)i. 

b) 6. 

a) .0375. 

c) 360. 

a) .0045, 301.066, 10,000.05. 

b) 2.5, 2,500. 

«)4- 



COLLEGE AKSWERS— 1898, 65 

5. (a) It is divided by 5, and therefore reduced in value. 
(^) Multiplying the denominator by 5 makes the num- 
ber of parts 5 times as many, but each part only i as 
large. As the number of parts taken is the same, the 
value of the fraction must now be ^ as great. 

6. 4 weeks. 

7. $2,406. 

8. $2,000. 

9. $1,806.25. 
10. $10.80. 

Geography. 

1. (a) Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina, (h) Venezuela, 
Colombia, (c) Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chili, and Argen- 
tina, (d) Bolivia and Paraguay. 

2. (1) Bismarck, in North Dakota, on the Missouri Eiver; 
(2) Hartford, in Connecticut, on the Connecticut Eiver; (3) 
Little Eock, in Arkansas, on the Arkansas Eiver; (4) Louis- 
ville, in northern Kentucky, on the Ohio Eiver; (5) Minne- 
apolis, in Minnesota, on the Mississippi Eiver; (6) Nash- 
ville, in Tennessee, on the Cumberland Eiver; (7) Omaha, in 
Nebraska, on the Missouri Eiver; (8) Poughkeepsie, in New 
York, on the Hudson Eiver; (9) Topeka, in Kansas, on the 
Kansas Eiver; (10) Wheeling, in West Virginia, on the Ohio 
Eiver. 

3. (1) Aleutian Islands, west of Alaska, east of Asia, 
between the Bering Sea and Pacific Ocean. (2) Azores, in 
the Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Portugal. (3) Hebrides, in 
the Atlantic Ocean, northwest of Scotland. (4) The New 
Hebrides, in Pacific Ocean, northeast of Australia. (5) The 
Ionian Islands, west of Greece, in Ionian Sea. Sunda Isl- 
ands, in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia. 

4. (1) Albert Nyanza — central Africa; Victoria Nyanza — 
Africa, the source of the Nile; (2) Baikal — Siberia; (3) 
Cayuga and Seneca — central New York. (4) Como and Mag- 
giore — Italy; (5) Great Bear — in northwest Canada; (6) 



66 COLLEGE AKSWERS— 1898. 

Great Salt — in Utah; (7) Ladoga and Onega — in Eussia; 
(8) Moosehead — Maine. (9) Nicaragua in Central America ; 
(10) Wener and Wetter in Sweden. 

5. (1) Eussian possessions — eastern part of Europe, Si- 
beria in northern Asia; Eussian Central Asia, the region 
south of the Urals, east of the Caspian Sea, west of the Chi- 
nese Empire, and north of Persia and Afghanistan. (2) Arctic 
Ocean, Norway and Sweden, Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea, 
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Eoumania, Black Sea, Turkey 
in Asia, Caspian Sea, Persia, Afghanistan, China, Okhotsk 
Sea, Bering Sea, Bering Strait, Kara Sea, White Sea. (3) 
About one-fourth. (4) British India in Asia; Australia in 
the Eastern Hemisphere; British America, or Canada, in 
North America ; South Africa ; Gibraltar, at the sea entrance 
to Mediterranean; Singapore, southern entrance to China 
Sea; Aden, southern entrance to Eed Sea. 

6. (1) For the mountain scenery and the invigorating cli- 
mate. (2) Erom historic interest. (3) For health and to 
see the volcano. Mount Vesuvius. (4) Niagara Falls; 
Yosemite Valley in California; Yellowstone National Park 
in northwestern Wyoming; Pictured Eocks on the shores 
of Lake Superior; Natural Bridge in Virginia; Mammoth 
Cave in Kentucky ; Mounds of Ohio ; Government Buildings 
in Washington ; Brooklyn Bridge ; and the Subway at Boston. 

7. (1) The large number of rivers flowing north into the 
Arctic Ocean proves that the land south must be higher, for 
water never flows higher than its source. (2) Length about 
3,600 miles, breadth about 1,800 miles. (3) About 10 feet in 
length and 5 feet in width. 

English Grammar. 

I. Compound, declarative sentence, containing three co- 
ordinate members: ''Home . . . dead^^ ; "She nor sicoon^d 
. . . cry^^; "All . . . die,^^ The first two are simple; the 
third is complex, containing the compound object (noun) 



COLLEGE A2!^SWERS— 1898. 67 

clause: ^' She must weep or she ivill die,^' Subject, they. 
Predicate, brought, modified by home. Object, ivarrior, modi- 
fied by her and dead. Subject, she. Predicates, siuoon'd, 
uttered, connected by the corresponsive conjunctions nor, nor. 
Object of uttered, cry. Subject, maidens, modified by all, her, 
watching. Predicate, said. Object, the clauses (a), (h), 
''She , , , die,^^ (a) Subject, she; predicate, 7niist luee}?, 
(h) Subject, she; predicate, ivill die. Connective, or, 

2. Home is an adverb of place, relating to hronght. Brought 
is an irregular, active, transitive verb, indicative mood, imper- 
fect tense. Dead is a common adjective, modifying tvarrior. 
Watching is an imperfect participle, modifying maidens. Will 
die is an irregular, intransitive verb, indicative mood, first 
future tense. 

3. Public notice means observation by the people. Court 
privacy means they desire to be left alone. Sequester means 
to retire or seclude. Population of the churchyard refers to 
the graves of the dead in a cemetery. Claim fellowship) means 
to desire comradeship with others. 

4. Circum, around; in, not; post, after; ob, against, in the 
way; re, again; af, to; ful, full of; fy, to make; er, one 
who; ish, like; ling, little. 

5. (^Composition,) 

History. 

I. Virginia was the first permanent colony settled in Amer- 
ica. In 1606 two trading companies obtained a charter from 
King James, granting that part of the country and vicinity now 
known as Virginia for settlement. 1607, Captain John Smith 
landed with 105 men, sent out by the ^^ London Company,'^ 
under Captain Newport, and founded Jamestown. The peo- 
ple were improvident and not capable to cope with the diffi- 
culties and hardships of an uncivilized country, and only by 
the efforts of John Smith were they saved from starvation. 
1609, they were granted a new charter. 1610, Lord Dela- 



68 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1898. 

ware arrived ; under his wise administration the colony pros- 
pered; third charter, 1612. 

Eoger Williams established the first settlement in Ehode 
Island at Providence, 1636, to provide a place of refuge from 
religious persecution. The second settlement at Portsmouth, 
1638. Newport founded, 1639. Charter granted by English 
Parliament, 1644, united all the settlements. 

2. (1) 1664, King Charles II. granted the country from the 
Connecticut to the Delaware to the Duke of York ; New Am- 
sterdam, the Dutch settlement, surrendered to the English, Sep- 
tember 8th, 1664. The whole province, as well as the prin- 
cipal city, took the name of New York after the Duke. (2) 
1732, George II. of England gave a charter to the " Trustees 
of Georgia '^ to found a colony in America, which was named 
in his honor "Georgia.'' (3) 1632, Lord Baltimore received 
from King Charles I. a grant of land north of the Potomac. 
1730, Baltimore was founded and named in honor of Lord 
Baltimore. (4) July 4th, 1776, by the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, the Thirteen Colonies became the United States of 
America. 

3. Harrison, succeeded by Tyler; Taylor, succeeded by 
Fillmore; Lincoln, assassinated, succeeded by Johnson; Gar- 
field, assassinated, succeeded by Arthur. 

4. (a) Spain, France, England, Holland, (h) France. By 
the " Treaty of Paris " at the close of the French and Indian 
War, 1763. 

5. In 1781, Lord Cornwallis took command of the British 
troops in Virginia, fortifying himself at Yorktown. Wash- 
ington had decided to attack the British in New York, but 
altered his plans and appeared before Yorktown, September 
28th, 1781. Count de Grasse held Chesapeake Bay, thus pre- 
venting escape. Cornwallis surrendered October 19th, 1781. 

6. Southern views — Secession was justifiable inasmuch as 
the States are sovereign. They considered it their privilege 
to withdraw from a government which threatened "their 
rights." Northerners considered secession unconstitutional. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1898. 69 

7. General Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, was the seventh 
President of the United States. As a boy he was in the 
Revolution, and in 1812 he defeated the Creek and Seminole 
Indians in a number of engagements. In 1815 he repulsed 
the British at New Orleans, and won a great victory. The 
Democratic Party elected him to the Presidency, March 4th, 
1829j re-elected, 1832. Vetoed the charter for the United 
States Bank. Was a man of determined will, energy, and self- 
reliance. His prompt and decided measures prevented seces- 
sion in 1832, when the new tariff law was passed. In 1834 
his peremptory measures with regard to France forced Prance 
to pay the indemnity agreed upon in the treaty of 1831. 

Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky, February 12th, 
1809. He endured many privations and struggled hard to 
get an education. He served several terms in the Legislature 
of Illinois, and was a member of Congress. His integrity, 
his moderation, and his strong speeches brought him the nomi- 
nation for President, and the rest of his history is that of the 
country. His death took place April 15th, 1865. 

8. A Constitutional Congress was decided upon, which met 
May, 1787, at Philadelphia; after four months' deliberation 
the Constitution was agreed upon; signed September 17th, 
1787. The Articles of Confederation were faulty and insuffi- 
cient. They did not sufficiently centralize the government. 

9. The Dutch held possession until 1664, when Charles II. 
granted the whole tract to the Duke of York. The Dutch 
again obtained possession, 1667. By treaty made in 1674 
New York was restored to the English. Over a century later, 
1776, during the Eevolutionary War, the British entered the 
city, the Americans retreating, and remained in possession 
during the war. The British vacated on November 25th, 
1783. 



70 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 

Normal College, 1899- 

Arithmetic. 

1. 31. 

2. First, $30 ; second, $27. 

3. .16. 

4. $13,050.96. 

5. 12, 18, 30. 

6. 61%. 

7. $550.27. 

8. £200. 

9. $409.69. 

10. $.512 + 

11. Lose 15c. 

12. I A. 

13. 120,000 men. 

14. $163.60. 

15. 123.06 A. 

Geography. 

1. (a) The polar diameter is 26 miles shorter than the equa- 

torial diameter. 
(6) 8.48 A. M. 

(c) Because parallels are small circles parallel to the equator, 
and hence their circumferences must decrease as they 
lie nearer the poles. 

(d) 23J degrees. 

2. (a) Map. 

(6) North — Vermont, New Hampshire ; east — Atlantic 
Ocean ; south — Atlantic Ocean, Rhode Island, Connec- 
ticut ; west — New York. 

(c) Boston, east ; Fall River, southeast; Worcester, central. 

3. (a) Lake Erie and Hudson River. 

(b) Permits cheap transportation of goods ; has built up 
central New York. 

(c) Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 71 

(d) Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky. 

(e) Illinois — Springfield ; Indiana — Indianapolis ; Ohio — 
Columbus; West Virginia — Charleston; Kentucky — 
Frankfort. 

4. (a) Largest, Texas; smallest, Rhode Island; most popu- 

lous, New York ; first settled, Florida. 
(6) Florida — fruits. New Jersey — manufactures. 

(c) Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Utah. 

(d) Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, Kansas. 

5. (a) North — Honduras; east — Caribbean Sea ; south — Costa 

Rica ; west — Pacific Ocean. 
(6) Because it will make a short route for ships between 

the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean. 
(c) Paraguay ; Switzerland ; Australia. 

6. (a) Austria-Hungary; Roumania; Bulgaria; Servia. 

(6) Austria-Hungary — Constitutional Monarchy; Rou- 
mania and Servia — Kingdoms ; Bulgaria — Principality. 

(c) Rhine — Germany; Rhone — France; Po — Italy; Dan- 
ube — Austria-Hungary. 

(d) The Hague; Brussels; Budapest; Athens. 



English. 

Letter. 

1. Emigrants — those who go from a country. 

Immigrants — those who go into a country. 

Diseased — unhealthy. 

Deceased — dead . 

Principal — ch ief. 

Principle — a law or truth. 
2. (a) The land that Columbus discovered proved to be a 
new world. 

(h) He could not answer that question. 

(c) It has been proved that the earth is round. 
3. Your Excellency. Your Honor. Mr. Commissioner. 
1. (a) A garrulous person — a tedious, verbose talker. 

(b) An amphibious animal — one capable of living both 
on land and in water. 



72 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 

(c) A surgical operation — treatment of a disease by 
means of instruments. 

(d) A microscopic object — something very small, or used 
as a specimen to be viewed with the miscroscope. 

(e) An unfathomable depth — an exceedingly great depth. 

2. Ante means before; post means after. 

In antebellum days, slavery flourished in the United 

States. 

She pursued a postgraduate course at the university. 

3. A collective noun expresses a group or multitude taken 
as one body. 

The Spanish /e6^, called the Armada, was thought to be 
invincible, but a severe storm destroyed it completely. 

4. Poem. 

5, Just after President McKinley's inauguration, he had his 
relatives, who were in the city, at a family dinner at 
the White House. It was a large company and a very 
good dinner.. Dear old mother McKiuley w^as there, but 
she was not very talkative — she was too happy for words. 
But she kept a sharp eye on the dinner, and no detail of 
it escaped her. She was impressed by the quantity of 
cream served with the fruit and coflFee, for she looked up 
at her son in her sweet way, and said, "William, you 
must keep a cow now.'' Some of the younger members 
of the family party found it difficult to suppress a smile, 
but the President, with his usual graciousness, replied, 
" Yes, mother, we can afford to have a cow now, and have 
all the cream we can use.'' 

English Grammar. 

I. Abstract noun: one expressing a quality apart from its 
substance, as : The length of the room is twenty feet. 

Redundant verb : one which forms its preterit and perfect par- 
ticiple in two or more w^ays so as to be both regular and irregular, 
as : Slavery thrived (throve) in the South before the War. 

Passive verb : one w^hich represents its subject as acted upon, 
as : A book was given to her as a present. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 73 

Voice is that modification of a verb which distinguishes the 
subject as acting or acted upon. For example : Mary answered 
the letter. Active voice. The letter was answered by Mary. 
Passive voice. 

Defective verb : one which wants some of the principal parts, 
and is used in but few moods and tenses, as : We ought to do 
our best. 

2. Adverbial clause: I saw her when she arrived. 
Adjective clause: We saw the house where the president lives. 
Noun clause: Columbus believed that the earth is round. 
Possessive plural of dwarf: dwarfs'. 

Possessive plural of mouse : mice's. 

3. The first sentence should read: She doesn't know her 
lessons as well as formerly. Do^iH, equivalent to do not, cannot 
agree with the singular pronoun she; and good is an adjective 
which cannot be used as a modifier of the verb hiow. 

The second sentence should read : WerenH you sorry for her? 

JVasnH is singular and does not agree with the plural pronoun 
you. 

The third sentence should read: There is a wide difference 
between a good boy and a bad boy. 

As two boys are referred to here, the article a should be 
repeated. 

The fourth sentence should read : The keepers have strict 
orders to interfere in every case of violation of the rule against 
smoking. 

The sentence was ambiguous and awkward. 

The fifth sentence should read : Who do you think failed 
yesterday ? 

Whom should be in the nominative case, because it is the sub- 
ject of failed. 

The sixth sentence should read : Whom did I find in the 
class room ? 

Who should be in the objective case because it is the object of 
did find. 

4. Compound, declarative sentence (according to Brown). 



74 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 

From Though to settlements is a simple, subordinate clause. 
From we to settled is a complex, leading clause. The latter con- 
tains the following clauses: the profound differences arise for the 
most part from the dfference between the countries^ which is a 
noun clause, object of can assert; which are manifest betiveen the 
German races on one side and the Greek and Roman on the other, 
which is an adjective clause relating to differences ; and in which 
they have settled, which is an adjective clause relating to countries, 

5. But is an adverb relating to obscurely. 

Yet is a conjunction corresponsive with though. 

Assert is a regular, active-transitive verb, potential mood, pre- 
sent tense. 

Manifest is a common adjective relating to which. 

Full is an adverb relating to many. 

Cease is a regular, active-transitive verb, imperative mood, 
present tense. 

To do is an irregular, active-intransitive verb, infinitive mood, 
present tense. 

History (U. S.). 

I, 1. The idea that by sailing westward, India could be 
reached, thus opening up a new and shorter commercial 
route to that country. 

2. Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy, about 1435. He 
was trained for the sea from his childhood. He was 
determined, shrewd, and intensely religious. He 
believed himself to be divinely called to " carry the 
true faith into the uttermost parts of the earth." It 
was eighteen years from the conception to the accom- 
plishment of his plan. His sorrows were many ; his 
triumph was brief Evil men maligned him to Ferdi- 
nand and Isabella, and so Columbus died a grieved and 
disappointed man. 

3. The Gulf of Mexico coast. 

4. Caused by oppressive government in Virginia. Gov. 
Berkeley failed to provide for the defence of the settle- 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 75 

ments against the Indians. Nathaniel Bacon, a young 
lawyer, rallied a company, defeated the Indians, and 
then turned on the governor, who was forced to flee from 
Jamestown, 1676. 

2. 1. Captured by the British in 1664. Name changed from 

New Netherlands to New York. Recaptured by Dutch, 
1673. Restored to British rule, 1674. 

2. 1634, at St. Mary's. 

3. Ryswick, Utrecht, Aix-la-Chapelle. 

4. The French. 

3. 1. The French and Indian War was very costly, and in 

order to raise revenue, the British government imposed 
taxes which were resisted by the colonies. 

2. Sept. 11, 1777. The British array. 

3. Stony Point — General AVayne. Verplank's Point. 

4. Germany, France, Hungary. 

4. 1. In New England, after the Revolution, large bodies of 

men assembled, refusing to pay their taxes and threaten- 
ing to overturn the government. This insurrection, 
known as Shays' Rebellion, from the name of its leader, 
was put down by militia. 

2. 1800.— From Philadelphia. 

3. In December, 1814, a powerful British fleet, carrying 
more than ten thousand troops, approached New Orleans 
by way of Lake Borgne. It captured the American 
naval force on the lake. Gen. Jackson was in the city 
of New Orleans with a force of about six thousand men. 
On the 8th of January, 1815, the British army, under 
Sir Edward Pakenham, advanced to storm the intrench- 
ments. Jackson won a great victory, killing and wound- 
ing two thousand of the British, with a loss on the 
American side of eight men killed and thirteen wounded. 
Pakenham was killed. 

4. Arkansas and Michigan. 

5. 1. Feb. 23, 1847. Gen. Taylor — American ; Gen. Santa 

Anna — Mexican. The American army was victorious. 



76 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 

2. Mar. 29, 1847. To Gen. Scott. 

3. The question whether California, which had applied for 
admission to the Union, should be allowed to have slavery 
or not. 

4. The Democratic party. 

6. 1. Because they were taken from a British steamer, repre- 

senting a country with which the U. S. was at peace. 

2. The Cumberland and the Congress. 

3. Lee united his forces behind Antietam Creek, Maryland. 
McClellan moved up and engaged the Confederates 
here, Sept. 17, 1862. A bloody battle followed. Both 
armies were much shattered, but the Union army held 
the ground, and Lee was compelled to recross the 
Potomac. 

4. Gen. Lee. July 1, 1863. 

7. 1. Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, 

Grant. 

2. Russia. S7,200,000. 

3. Philadelphia, 1876; Chicago, 1893." 

4. Republican. Representatives are elected to the Senate 
and Assembly, and a Governor chosen by the people. 



College of the City of New York, 1899. 

Arithmetic. 

I. (a) A prime number has no factors except itself and one. 
Ex. — 5, 17, 53, etc. A denominate number is a con- 
crete number applied to some weight, measure, or value. 
Ex.— 3 lbs., 10 ft., $5, etc. 
(b) Multiply as in whole numbers, and point off in the 
product as many decimal places (beginning at the 
right) as there are in the multiplier and multiplicand 
added together. 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 77 

(c) The smallest number that will contain the several num- 
bers without a remainder. 

(d) The numerator shows how many parts of the unit are 
used ; the denominator shows into how many parts the 
unit has been divided. 

2. (a) 3. 
(6) 4. 

3. W S/sC. 
(6) 331%. 

(c) .0008. 

4. (a) 2.9971. 
(6) .0961. 
(c) 4; 4000. 

5. (a) As the value of every fraction is the quotient of the 

denominator into the numerator, it follows that the 
quotient will remain the same whether we multiply the 
numerator (dividend) by a certain number, or divide 
its denominator (divisor) by the same number. 

(6) It is multiplied by ten. 

((?) As each decimal place stands for a zero in the denomi- 
nator of the fraction, it follows that by moving the 
decimal point one place to the right, one zero is cut off 
from the denominator, thus dividing it by ten, or multi- 
plying the fraction by ten. 

6. 95c. 

7. 10 days. 

8. 2 hrs. 

9. 10%. 

lo. The second, $498.95 more. 

Geography. 

1. Baltic; Behring; Caribbean; Irish; Red. 

2. St. Lawrence; Nile; Euphrates and Tigris; Indus; 
Ganges. 

3. Hondo — east of Asia; Madagascar — south-east of Africa; 



78 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 

Majorca — east of Spain ; Nova Zembla — north of Russia ; 
Parry Isles — north of Canada. 

4. Ural and Caucasus ; Cumberland; California — Spain. 

5. New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Vir- 
ginia, Ohio. 

Denmark, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Switzerland, France, 
Belgium, Holland. 

6. Montgomery — in Alabama, on the Alabama ; Sacramento— 
in California, on the Sacramento ; Peoria — in Illinois, on 
the Illinois ; Dubuque — in Iowa, on the Mississippi ; Frank- 
fort — in Kentucky, on the Kentucky ; Augusta — in Maine, 
on the Kennebec ; Detroit — in Michigan, on the Detroit ; 
Bismarck — in N. Dakota, on the Missouri ; Austin — in 
Texas, on the Colorado; Richmond — in Virginia, on the 
James. 

7. Bahia — eastern coast of Brazil, on Atlantic Ocean ; Callao — 
western coast of Peru, on Pacific Ocean ; Caracas — northern 
part of Venezuela, near Caribbean Sea ; Amsterdam — 
western part of Holland, on Zuyder Zee ; Brest — north- 
western part of France, on Atlantic Ocean ; Hamburg — 
northern part of Germany, on Elbe River; Palermo — 
northern part of Sicily, on Tyrrhene Sea ; Southampton — 
southern part of England, near English Channel ; Calcutta 
— eastern part of India, on Hugli River; Shanghai — 
eastern coast of China, on China Sea. 

8. 24,899 miles ; about 3500 miles ; 2 P. M. 

9. Differences in temperature and barometric pressure, and 
rotation of the earth. 

Mostly easterly, because of west to east rotation of the earth. 
Trade winds are so called because of their importance in 
facilitating commerce across the oceans. 

10. To facilitate transportation. — The Suez Canal makes it 
possible to go from European to Asiatic ports by a much 
shorter route than formerly. — Because of the competition of 
railroads. — The Nicaragua Canal would bring the eastern 
and western coasts of the United States into closer commer- 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 79 

cial relations, by shortening very materially the routes for 
steamers. Besides, it would give strategic advantages in 
case of war. 

English Grammar. 

1 . (a) Compound, declarative sentence. 

First member — from Tito to breeze. 
Second member — from besides to it 
Connective — and. 

The first member is a simple, independent clause. 
The second member is complex, consisting of the clauses : 
his talents squared with his good fortune, which relates to 
convincing; he wore . . . unpretentiously , v^Xnoh. i^ 
independent ; and no one . « . it, which relates to 
easily and unpretentiously, 
(h) Compound, declarative sentence. 
First member — from There to awe. 
Second member — from the kindly earth to law. 
Connective — and. 

Both members are simple, independent clauses. 
Subject of first member — common sense, modified by 
the and of most. 

Predicate — shall hold, modified by in awe. 
Object — realm^ modified by a fretful. 
Subject of second member — earth, modified by the, 
kindly, and lapped in universal law. 
Predicate — shall slumber, 

2. Adjectives: 

best relates to Fool (understood). 



conspicuous 


a 


" Fool (expressed) 


insignificant 


a 


" Cloiun, 


witty 


u 


" Fool. 


ingenious 


(< 


" Fool 


sound 


« 


*^ common-sense. 


guilty 


<( 


" Lear. 


pure 


U 


" humor. 



80 COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 

Adverbs : 

more relates to conspicuous, 

mordantly " " witty, 
marvelously '^ " ingenious. 
Pronouns : 

He stands for Fool 
which relates to common- sense, 
that '' " protest. 

3. Letter. 

History (U. S.)- 

1. Royal, in ^yhich the supreme power was vested in a governor 

appointed by the king. 

Charter, in wdiich certain rights and privileges were granted in 
writing to a company or community by the king. 

Proprietary, in which the land w^as owned outright by some 
person or persons. 

2. 1765. In order to raise revenue to pay for expenses of 
French and Indian War. The Americans opposed it because 
they had no voice in making the laws. 

3. The British army landed on the south-west shore of Long 
Island. Gen. Putnam held a fort at Brooklyn, but w^as obliged 
to surrender. The Americans crossed to New York. The 
British followed and attacked Washington at Harlem Heights, 
but unsuccessfully. They then moved up the Sound, but Wash- 
ington withdrew to White Plains, where a part of his army was 
defeated. Washington next retired to North Castle. Howe, 
not daring to attack him, returned to New York and sent the 
Hessians to take Fort Washington, which they captured after a 
fierce resistance, Nov. 16, 1776. 

4. Louisiana was purchased from the French, in 1803, for 
S15,000,000. 

California was one of the territories ceded to the United 
States, in 1848, as a result of the w^ar with Mexico. 

5. Washington, 1789-1797; Jefferson, 1801-1809; Madison, 



COLLEGE ANSWERS — 1899. 81 

1809-1817; Monroe, 1817-1825; Jackson, 1829-1837; Grant, 
1869-1877 ; Cleveland, 1885-1889, 1893-1897. 

6. Principal services were rendered in his campaign against 
Johnston in Georgia. Bloody battles were fought at Dal ton 
Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountains. Later, Sherman captured 

, Atlanta, which was defended by Hood, and then commenced his 
famous march to the sea, ending with the capture of Savannah. 

7. Jamestoivn — first English settlement, 1607. Vickshurg — 
besieged and captured by Gen. Grant, 1863. Stony Point — cap- 
tured by Gen. Wayne, 1779. Cartier — discovered St. Law- 
rence River, 1535. Decatur — distinguished himself in war wdth 
Tripoli, 1801. Meade — Union commander in battle of Gettys- 
burg, 1863. Clay — "the great pacificator," author of ** Mis- 
souri Compromise '' and " Omnibus Bill," Secretary of State 
under J. Q. Adams. 

8. Raleigh received a grant of land in America, which he 
named Virginia. He attempted to plant a colony in Roanoke 
Island, but was not successful. A second attempt at colonization 
likewise failed. Raleigh had spent his fortune on these schemes, 
and later fell into disgrace with his sovereign. 

9. The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery ; the fourteenth 
made the freed slaves citizens ; the fifteenth gave them the right 
to vote. 

10. The Missouri Compromise was a bill introduced in Con- 
gress by Henry Clay to settle the controversy in regard to the 
admission of Missouri as a state. The South favored its ad- 
mission as a slave state ; the North, as a free state. By the com- 
promise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but slavery was 
to be prohibited in all territory west of the Mississippi River 
and north of the southern boundary line of Missouri (36° 30' N.). 



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the Columbia College Questions that these will be supplied 
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